聽寫作文，顧名思義就是先聽后寫，即聽完一篇文章后，把內(nèi)容完整地、有條理地寫下來，或只寫出其主要意思。這里講的聽寫作文，主要指第二種，即寫出所聽內(nèi)容的主要意思。這與概要寫作非常相似。不同的是一個(gè)是先讀，一個(gè)是先聽。這項(xiàng)寫作練習(xí)主要是針對(duì)大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試新題型中的復(fù)合式聽寫而設(shè)置的。當(dāng)然這種聽寫作文的訓(xùn)練，不但有利于提高習(xí)作者的聽力，而且對(duì)他的拼寫能力、記筆記能力以及思維的條理化也是一種很好的鍛煉。

1. 寫作技巧

1）首先要學(xué)會(huì)“聽”。聽的時(shí)候一定要集中注意力，不要盲目動(dòng)筆寫。因?yàn)閷懙乃俣仍倏欤埠茈y趕上講的速度。要提高聽的能力，平時(shí)就要培養(yǎng)聽英語的興趣，要多聽，有意識(shí)地去聽、去記。

另外，一邊聽一邊整理內(nèi)容的順序。文章講完一層意思，一般總要稍微停一停。這時(shí)就要利用這短暫的時(shí)間想一想，這一層的主要意思是什么，它與上一層有什么關(guān)系。全部聽完后，整理出開頭、經(jīng)過（有幾步）、結(jié)果是怎樣的。這樣，文章內(nèi)容不會(huì)走樣太大。有的習(xí)作者聽一句背一句，往往聽了后句忘了前句，無法使內(nèi)容連貫。

2)聽寫作文還要學(xué)會(huì)“寫”。聽完文章后，要寫出所聽內(nèi)容的主要意思，需要一番整理加工的工作。

第一步：將聽到的內(nèi)容仔細(xì)回想一下，整理出事情的先后順序、起因和結(jié)果，或抓住文章的要點(diǎn)，包括主要事實(shí)或事件、重要信息、數(shù)據(jù)、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。

第二步：擬定提綱。

第三步：根據(jù)提綱，用自己的語言組織寫作，要忠實(shí)再現(xiàn)原文的主要內(nèi)容，對(duì)原文的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)不能加以評(píng)論。

3）聽寫的長(zhǎng)度按要求而定。關(guān)于各種文體的聽寫重點(diǎn)，參看概要寫作部分。

范例分析

Directions: In this section you will hear a passage three times. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage. Then listen to the passage again. After listening to the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.

Harmful Effects of Television

When the television was invented in 1923, parents had no idea of the harmful effects this celebrated invention would one

day have on children. Because of the tremendous amount of time children spend watching TV, they become passive

observers. Child psychologists say that children learn best by doing, not by watching. As a result, television has a negative

effects on children's learning abilities and their creativity. Since children spend more time in front of the TV and less time

behind a good book, their reading abilities have suffered. Another harmful effect of television is caused by the excessive

violence in many popular programes. Studies show that aggressive behavior in children is a direct result of this violence.

Young people imitate the behavior they see on TV. Consequently, youngsters have been known to "fly" out of windows like Superman and kill their enemies like Kojak. For all these reasons, television has evolved from the miracle it once was into the monster it is today.

范文：

Since children spend too much time watching TV, they become passive observers. Their learning and reading abilities, and creativity were affected. Violence in many programes also has a harmful effect, for young people imitate the behavior they see on TV, and do some unusual things. For all these television has become a monster today.

(54 words)

評(píng)析：

在聽寫過程中，關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)是首先要聽懂聽寫材料的大意，即main idea。其次，要抓住一些要點(diǎn)，即key points。在本聽寫文章中，主要闡述的是現(xiàn)代文明——電視對(duì)少年兒童產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面作用。作者在聽寫的過程中，抓住了關(guān)鍵的兩點(diǎn)：第一，電視對(duì)兒童的學(xué)習(xí)能力和創(chuàng)造力的影響；第二，暴力節(jié)目對(duì)兒童行為的負(fù)面引導(dǎo)。這樣一來，聽寫后的文章顯得脈絡(luò)分明，層次清楚。最后用一句conclusion sentence一Television has become a monster today 總結(jié)全文。

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