概要寫作是進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練的基本形式之一，它不僅可以培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力，加深對(duì)原作的理解，而且還可以培養(yǎng)綜合概括能力和書面表達(dá)能力。這類寫作要求習(xí)作者閱讀一篇文章后，寫一篇字?jǐn)?shù)有限的概要，忠實(shí)地反映原文主要內(nèi)容。

1. 寫作技巧

1）首先快速閱讀原文，掌握全文大意。

2) 再仔細(xì)閱讀原文，找出原文主題及段落主題句，同時(shí)劃出關(guān)鍵詞語，包括主要事實(shí)，論據(jù)或事件，重要信息、數(shù)據(jù)、名稱、日期等。

3）擬定概要的提綱。

4）根據(jù)提綱，用自己的語言組織寫作，要忠實(shí)再現(xiàn)原文的主要內(nèi)容，對(duì)原文的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)不能加以評(píng)論。

5）概要的長度不得超過規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)。

6）對(duì)不同的文體，概要寫作的重點(diǎn)有所不同：

（1）記敘文往往沒有主題句，寫概要時(shí)要注意處理好敘述故事的六個(gè)因素：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果。選擇最重要的因素為核心，相對(duì)不重要的可以刪除。

（2）描述文往往是作者選擇最典型、最具有表達(dá)力的東西來描述自己的感情和態(tài)度。寫概要時(shí)，要抓住原作的打算和意圖，以壓縮簡化的表達(dá)方式再現(xiàn)原文。

（3）說明文著重解釋“怎么樣”（How）和“為什么”（Why)，段落中常常包括主題句和推展句。寫概要時(shí)，抓住段落主題和重要的事實(shí)及例證。

（4）論說文的重點(diǎn)在于說理，其主要方法有兩種：演繹和歸納。寫概要時(shí)，無論原文采用哪種方式，都以演繹的手法展開為好，即先寫中心論點(diǎn)，再以其重點(diǎn)和次重要的論據(jù)展開。

例如：

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a summary of no more than 120 words,based on the following passage. You should write it as clearly as possible.

The Hero

"Fire! Fire!" What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house—the sort that burns beautifully—and my room was on the top floor.I jumped out of bed,opened the door and stepped out into the passage. It was full of thick smoke.

I began to run,but as I was still only half-awake, instead of going towards the stairs I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew thicker and I could see flames all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But before I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up to protect my face from the smoke and the heat.Just then the floor gave way under me and I crashed to the floor below with pieces of burning wood all around me.