擴(kuò)寫作文不是經(jīng)過毫無根據(jù)地想象后簡(jiǎn)單地把原文拉長(zhǎng)，而是緊緊圍繞原文中心，把原文進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，使內(nèi)容更豐富，人物活動(dòng)更形象，事情過程更具體，因而增強(qiáng)文章的感染力。擴(kuò)寫的原文為習(xí)作者提供了文章的框架，有利于習(xí)作者圍繞既定的中心去發(fā)展文章。訓(xùn)練方式如下：

老師讓學(xué)生讀一篇簡(jiǎn)短的文章。文章中只簡(jiǎn)單地交待了事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局。對(duì)人物的動(dòng)作、神態(tài)、外貌、語言及心理活動(dòng)沒有進(jìn)行形象地描寫，要求習(xí)作者讀了此文后，在忠實(shí)于原文的結(jié)構(gòu)、中心的基礎(chǔ)上，把事情的過程寫具體，把人物的形象描寫生動(dòng)，使中心鮮明突出。

1. 寫作技巧

1）擴(kuò)寫原文，必須圍繞原文的中心，把可以具體記敘、描寫的地方寫具體、寫形象。例如：對(duì)于記事的文章，擴(kuò)寫時(shí)可以把事情的經(jīng)過一步一步敘述清楚，作一些必要的細(xì)節(jié)描寫；對(duì)于寫人的文章，可以對(duì)人物的外貌、神態(tài)、語言、動(dòng)作等做一些細(xì)致描寫；對(duì)于狀物的文章，可以對(duì)事物的形狀、顏色、動(dòng)態(tài)作描述。

2)擴(kuò)寫作文，也可運(yùn)用形象手法，但不能脫離原文中心毫無根據(jù)地去想象。想象同樣必須在圍繞原文中心的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。

范例分析

Directions: Develop this short passage into a longer one in which there should be no less than 150 words.

The Strange Logic of a Salesman

Mr. Briggs' job was to sell life insurance. One day, after he had been doing this job for a year, the manager said to him that he found Mr. Briggs had been selling insurance only to people over 95, and giving them generous conditions, which would ruin the company.

Mr. Briggs said so. He had looked at the figures of deaths of the country and found very few people died at 95 or over.

范文：

The Strange Logic of a Salesman

Mr. Briggs got a job with an insurance company after he left school and went around visiting people in their homes to sell them life insurance.

One day, after he had been working for the company for about a year, the insurance manager sent for him and said, "Mr. Briggs, I have been looking at your record as a salesman with our company, and there is one thing that surprises me about it. Why have your been selling insurance only to people over 95 years old, and why have you been giving them such generous conditions? You'll ruin our company if you go on like that."

"Oh, no sir," answered Mr. Briggs at once, "Before I started work I looked at the figures for deaths in this country during the past ten years, and I can tell you that extremely few people die at the age of 95 or above each year."

評(píng)析：

這是一篇小的幽默故事。擴(kuò)寫時(shí)一定要抓住其幽默點(diǎn)，否則就失去了意義。

原文第一段第一句交待了Mr.Briggs的工作。文章的發(fā)展圍繞經(jīng)理對(duì)Mr.Briggs工作不滿意的原因，甚至指出他如果再這樣做下去，整個(gè)公司都可能要?dú)Я恕?/p>

但是Mr.Briggs卻巧妙而幽默地進(jìn)行了反駁，使故事在最后才達(dá)到高潮。

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