上述單詞均有偶然和意外的含義。accidental主要指未曾預(yù)料的不幸事件或?yàn)?zāi)難，其無任何規(guī)律性，雖無故意或預(yù)謀，但后果影響常常卻較嚴(yán)重[1]。chance為非正式用語，多指巧合或不屬已知的自然法則調(diào)整的事件[2]。contingent經(jīng)常表示無法預(yù)見或不可控制的緊急情況，如某些不可抗力等[3]。incidental多指附帶發(fā)生的未曾計(jì)劃或預(yù)料的事件，其多少都具有一些價(jià)值[4]。fortuitous指某事未經(jīng)策劃，其原因不明，在指事件時(shí), 可表示該偶發(fā)事件非常不幸（以往多將該詞誤用作fortunate的同義詞而認(rèn)為其結(jié)局一般較好）[5]。casual指無規(guī)律，不正規(guī)， 無計(jì)劃或不可預(yù)測(cè)，且常用于指附帶發(fā)生的則無關(guān)緊要的小事等[6]。
[1 ] “ Employed in contradistinction to willful... produced by mere chance, or incapable of being traced to any cause. " Cf. Daphne Dukelow, The Dictionary of Canadian Law, at p. 6, Thomson Professional Publishing Canada (1991).
[2 ] “ Chance is least formal of these. On one hand it can indicate coincidence, on the other hand, it can suggest an occurrence that is governed by no known physical laws. ” Cf. The Editors of the Reader's Digest, Use the Right Word, at p. 77, The Reader's Digest Association Proprietary Ltd. (1971).
[3 ] “ Possible, but not assured;doubtful or uncertain;conditional upon the occurrence of some future event which is itself uncertain, or questionable. This term, when applied to a use, remainder, devise, bequest, or other legal right or interest, implies that no present interest exists, and that whether such interest or right ever will exist depends upon a future uncertain event. ” Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition, at p. 222, West Publishing Co. (1991).
[4 ] “ Depending upon or appertaining to something else as primary; something necessary, appertaining to, or depending upon another which is termed the principal ； something incidenta] to the main purpose. " Id. at p. 523.
[5 ] “ Occurring by chance. A fortuitous event may be highly unfortunate. Literally, the term is neutral, despite its common misuse as a synonym for fortunate. * Cf. Bryan A. Garner, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 664, West Group (1999).
[6 ] " Occurring without regularity, occasional; impermanent, as employment for irregular periods. Happening or coming to pass without design and without being foreseen or expected； unforeseen, uncertain； unpremeditated. ” Cf. The Publisher’s Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition，at p. 150 , West Publishing Co. (1991).
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