Differentiation of syndromes according to the theory of wei(defensive), qi (vital-qi), ying ( nutrient) .and xue (blood) is a differentiating method applied to analysing and differentiating exogenous febrile diseases. It was developed and created by Ye Tianshi in the Qing Dynasty. It supplements the differentiation of syndromes by the theory of the six meridians and enriches the differentiation of syndromes and treatment for exogenous febrile diseases in TCм. This theory is the basis used to classify syndromes, to identify transformation and deternine treatment. The theory of wei, qi, ying and xue is of great practical value because, for one thing, it generalizes the pathological changes of febrile diseases as the four kinds of syndrones: weifen, qifen, yingfen and xuefen. for another, it represents the four different stages: superficial or decp and mild or serious in the development of exogenous febrile diseases. It is also believed as a law of the development and changes of exogenous febrile diseases. Diseases of the wei and qi stages are mild and superficial, whereas those of the ying and xue stages are deep and serious.

Differentiation of syndromes according to the zang-fu theory is a differential method by which symptoms and signs are analysed to clarity the cause, the location and nature of disease as well as the conditions between vital qi and pathogens in light of the theories viscera figure (tmanifestation), yin- yang and five elements. It is the basis of various hinds of differentiation of syndromes and the basic diagnostic method of all clnical branches of TCM, and an important component part of all differential system in TCM. Differentiation of syndromes according to the theory of the zang-fu organs includes differentiating syndromes of zang-organs-diseases, fu-organ diseases and complicated disesses of both zang -organs with fu-organs. Differentiation of syndromes according to the theory of six meridians is a method of differentiating exogenous discases in TCM. It was put forward in Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing-a distinguished physician in the Eastern H?n Dynasty. In Light of the yin-yang theory, the syndromes of the six meridians may be divided into three yang syndromes - taiyang, yangming and shaoyang and three yin syndromes - taiyin, shaoyin and jueyin. Thereby providing a basis for differential diagnosis and treatment. Six meridians syndromes are the reflections of pathological changes in the zang-fu organs and meridians, among which three yang syndromes take the pathological changes of the six fu organs as their basis, while three yin syndromes take the pathological changes of the five zang organs as the their basis.

Besides differentiating syndrome in light of the theory of triple energizer is one of methods of differential diagnosis for febrile diseases, put forward by Wu Jutong, a distinguished physician of the Qing Dynasty. Wu Shi takes triple energizer as the guiding principle of differentiation of syndromes of seasonal febrile disease in conjunction with differentiation of syndromes according to the theory of wei, qi, yang and xue, to emphasizes the pathological changes of the zang-fu organs related to triple energizer during the course of seasonal febrile diseases, the characteristics of syndromes and the law of transmission and transformation. Seasonal febrile disease is a general term for all acute febrile diseases resulting from various warm-hest pathogens in the four seasons. Differentiation of syndromes by the theory of triple energizer is also the prernise and foundation of treatment.

As a whole, conditions of differentiating syndromes are complex, what has been discussed in this unit is only those common, typical differentiating syndromes, they should be applied flexibly so as to decide the therapeutic principle on the basis of correct differentiating syndromes.

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