以上單詞均有流放或放逐的含義。exile指長(zhǎng)期離開祖國(guó)或家鄉(xiāng)，可是自愿的，如為執(zhí)行公務(wù)、躲避危險(xiǎn)、壓迫等原因；也可以是一種強(qiáng)制性懲罰，作為刑罰，多有一定期限[1]。banishment 則指被流放或驅(qū)逐國(guó)境， 即流放國(guó)外，其常指喪失國(guó)籍, 永久被流放[2] ; 現(xiàn)也用于強(qiáng)迫離開（forcible removal)。deportation 主要是指將不受歡迎的外國(guó)人驅(qū)逐出境[3]。expatriation多指某人自愿稱自己為他國(guó)公民而放棄對(duì)祖國(guó)的效忠；用作流放時(shí)[4]，則指強(qiáng)迫某人離開祖國(guó)且使其放棄國(guó)籍。relegation可指羅馬法中的放逐，類似流放刑，但比流放刑輕，被放逐者仍可保持其公民權(quán)；在英格蘭，也多指暫時(shí)的司法放逐[5]。
[1] "Expulsion from a country，esp. from the country of one's origin or longtime residence. ” Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 595, West Group (1999).
[2] "Expulsion from a nation； loss of nationality. " Cf. Daphne A. Dukelow, The Dictionary of Canadian Law, at p. 82，Thomson Professional Publishing Canada (1991).
[3] "The removal under this Act of a person from any place in Canada to the place whence he came to Canada or to the country of his nationality or citizenship or to the country of his birth or to such country as may be approved by the Minister under this Act，as the case maybe.” Cf. Immigration Act, R. S. C. 1970，c. 1-2, s. 2.
[4]“The voluntary act of abandoning or renouncing one's country, and becoming the citizen or subject of another. ”Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6 th edition，at p. 399, West Publishing Co. (1991).
[5]“Banishment or exile, esp. a temporary one. ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 1293，West Group (1999).
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