為企業(yè)營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的政策環(huán)境。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府一直致力于推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的轉(zhuǎn)型。2016年6月，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于在市場(chǎng)體系建設(shè)中建立公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)審查制度的意見》，要求規(guī)范政府行為，防止出臺(tái)新的排除、限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的支持措施，并逐步清理廢除已有的妨礙公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的規(guī)定和做法。2017年1月，《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開放積極利用外資若干措施的通知》進(jìn)一步要求，各部門制定外資政策要進(jìn)行公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)審查。2018年6月，《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于
積極有效利用外資推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展若干措施的通知》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《通知》）提出，全面落實(shí)準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理制度，負(fù)面清單之外的領(lǐng)域，各地區(qū)各部門不得專門針對(duì)外商投資準(zhǔn)入進(jìn)行限制?！锻ㄖ芬螅Ｗo(hù)外商投資合法權(quán)益，完善外商投資企業(yè)投訴工作部際聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，建立健全各地外商投資企業(yè)投訴工作機(jī)制，及時(shí)解決外商投資企業(yè)反映的不公平待遇問題，各地不得限制外商投資企業(yè)依法跨區(qū)域經(jīng)營(yíng)、搬遷、注銷等行為。
China has created a level playing field for the businesses. In recent years, the Chinese government has committed to transforming industrial policies. In June 2016 the State Council released Opinions on Establishing a Fair Competition Examination System in the Building of the Market System, setting out to guarantee rules-based government actions, prohibit new supportive measures that would exclude or impede competition, and filter out and abolish any existing rules and practices that hamper fair competition. In January 2017, the State Council released a Circular on Several Measures on Promoting Further Openness and Active Utilization of Foreign Investment, requiring authorities concerned to carry out a fair competition review in defining foreign investment policies. In June 2018, the State Council released a Circular on Certain Measures for Actively and Effectively Utilizing Foreign Investment to Promote Quality Economic Development, aiming to grant full pre-establishment national treatment on the basis of a negative list, and remove access restrictions on foreign investment in areas outside the list. As required by the Circular, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors, China has improved the inter-departmental joint meeting mechanism for FIEs to lodge complaints, set up and enhanced the complaint mechanism for FIEs across the country, in order to promptly resolve any unfair treatment of FIEs, and avoid restrictions on the law-based cross-regional operation, movement and deregistration of FIEs.
中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化程度持續(xù)提高。2015年，中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委宣布放開煙葉收購(gòu)價(jià)格，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格領(lǐng)域已完全取消了政府定價(jià)。2004年以來(lái)，在市場(chǎng)定價(jià)、自由流通的基礎(chǔ)上，中國(guó)政府為維護(hù)農(nóng)民基本生計(jì)，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重供大于求、價(jià)格過度下跌時(shí)，對(duì)部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品實(shí)行托市收購(gòu)制度。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府加大了對(duì)托市收購(gòu)政策的改革力度，定價(jià)機(jī)制更加市場(chǎng)化（專欄4）。
圖表：專欄4 中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策改革 新華社發(fā)
China’s agricultural industry has become increasingly market-based. In 2015, the NDRC announced the abolition of controlled pricing on tobacco leaves, marking the definitive end to government pricing for agricultural produce. Since 2004, on the basis of market-set price and free circulation, the Chinese government had stepped in to ensure the basic livelihood of farmers by adopting a government purchase system, a backstop in the case of severe oversupply and collapsing prices. In recent years, the Chinese government has stepped up efforts to reform the purchase system by introducing a more market-based price-setting mechanism. (Box 4)
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