關(guān)于中央人民政府和西藏地方政府進行和平談判并簽訂《十七條協(xié)議》，需要強調(diào)以下幾點基本歷史事實：
第一，和平談判是在西藏地方政府承認西藏是中國不可分割的一部分的前提下進行的。十四世達賴喇嘛和西藏地方政府派出談判代表團時，給每位代表頒發(fā)了一份蓋有印章的全權(quán)證書，證書外面注明了西藏全權(quán)代表五人的姓名和身份，里面寫有承認西藏為中國領(lǐng)土等內(nèi)容。談判要解決的根本問題，是增強民族團結(jié)和維護祖國統(tǒng)一問題。正如阿沛回憶指出的，在這個問題上，“雙方代表的基本立場是一致的?！?/p>
Regarding the peace talks and the signing of the 17-Article Agreement, we need to stress some basic historical facts as fol-lows:
First, the peace talks were held on the premise that the local government of Tibet admitted that Tibet is an inseparable part of China. When the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet dispatched the delegation, every representative got a sealed plenipotentiary certificate, which stated the name and identity of the holder on the envelope, and inside the statement that Tibet is a part of China and some other sentences. The essential problem to be solved during the talks was to enhance ethnic solidarity and safeguard national unity. As Ngapoi recalled, on this problem, “the basic standpoints of the representatives of the two sides were the same.”
第二，中央人民政府關(guān)于和平解放西藏問題的“十大政策”是談判的基礎(chǔ)?！笆笳摺敝饕獌?nèi)容是：驅(qū)逐英美帝國主義侵略勢力出西藏，西藏實行民族區(qū)域自治，西藏現(xiàn)行各種政治制度維持原狀概不變更，保障宗教信仰自由，發(fā)展西藏經(jīng)濟和文化教育，西藏各項改革事宜由西藏人民及西藏領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人采取協(xié)商方式解決，人民解放軍進入西藏等。在談判之初，西藏地方政府代表強調(diào)不能接受“十大政策”中的“人民解放軍進入西藏”。當時，中央人民政府代表并沒有勉強西藏地方政府代表，而是建議休會兩天，安排他們參觀，同時耐心勸說，提出既然承認西藏是中國不可分割一部分就沒有理由阻止人民解放軍進入西藏。同時，充分考慮到西藏代表提出的西藏經(jīng)濟落后、資源貧瘠，供給人民解放軍有很大困難的問題，中央政府作出“進軍西藏，不吃地方，一切開支由中央負責”的保證。雙方最終協(xié)商確定西藏地方政府積極協(xié)助人民解放軍進入西藏，鞏固國防。
第三，達賴喇嘛和班禪額爾德尼之間的團結(jié)問題，是談判必須解決的一個重要問題。由于帝國主義侵略勢力的挑唆，九世班禪喇嘛在20世紀20年代初與十三世達賴喇嘛發(fā)生不和，被迫從西藏出走內(nèi)地，1937年12月在返回西藏途中圓寂于青海玉樹。1949年8月10日，經(jīng)國民政府批準，十世班禪在青海塔爾寺坐床繼位。西藏地方政府代表團在談判之初，并不承認十世班禪的合法地位。中央人民政府談判代表團向西藏地方政府談判代表團展示了原國民黨政府批準認定十世班禪為九世班禪轉(zhuǎn)世靈童的全部公文，以及由達賴喇嘛方面代表參加的十世班禪在塔爾寺坐床繼位時的照片。在確鑿的證據(jù)面前，西藏地方政府談判代表團最終承認了十世班禪的合法地位。談判期間正值“五一”勞動節(jié)，中央人民政府邀請西藏地方政府談判代表團和十世班禪在天安門城樓上共同觀禮，阿沛·阿旺晉美與十世班禪進行了友好會面，并受到毛澤東的接見。
Second, the Central People’s Government’s “ten policies” for the peaceful liberation of Tibet were the basis for the talks. The main contents were: British and US imperialist aggressive forces shall be driven out of Tibet; regional ethnic autonomy shall be exercised in Tibet; the present political system in Tibet shall remain unchanged; freedom of religious belief shall be guaranteed; economy, culture and education in Tibet shall be developed; matters of reform in Tibet shall be settled by the Tibetan people and Tibetan leaders through consultation; and the PLA troops shall enter Tibet. At first, the Tibetan representatives stressed that they could not accept the PLA’s entry into Tibet. At that time, the Central People’s Government representatives did not force them to accept this term; instead, they suggested a two-day adjournment, during which they arranged Tibetan rep-resentatives to visit some places, while patiently persuaded them, saying that now that the local government of Tibet admitted Tibet as an inseparable part of China, it had no reason to obstruct the PLA from entering Tibet. In the meantime, the central gov-ernment took into full consideration the problem raised by the Tibetan representatives that it would be difficult for economi-cally backward and resource-poor Tibet to supply the PLA, and promised that the PLA troops would “be supplied by the central government after entering Tibet, all their expenses will be borne by the central government.” After negotiations, the two sides finally agreed that the local government of Tibet would make positive efforts to assist the PLA’s entry into Tibet for national defence.
Third, the conflict between the Dalai Lama and Panchen Erdeni was an important problem that had to be resolved in the talks. Due to instigation by imperialist aggressors, the 9th Panchen Lama did not get along with the 13th Dalai Lama in the early 1920s, and thus was forced to leave Tibet for inland China. He died in Yushu, Qinghai Province, in December 1937 on his way back to Tibet. On August 10, 1949, the 10th Panchen Lama was enthroned at the Kumbum Monastery in Qinghai, with the approval of the national government. At first, the Tibetan dele-gation did not acknowledge the legal status of the 10th Panchen Lama. The central government delegation showed to the Tibetan delegation all the official documents by which the Kuomintang’s national government had approved and confirmed the 10th Panchen Lama as the reincarnated soul boy of the 9th Panchen Lama, and the photos of the enthronement ceremony at the Kumbum Monastery, which representatives of the Dalai Lama attended. Faced with this irrefutable evidence, the Tibetan dele-gation finally acknowledged the legal status of the 10th Panchen Lama. The May Day holiday arrived during the peace talks, and the Central People’s Government invited all the representatives of the local government of Tibet and the 10th Panchen Lama to attend the celebration on the Tian’anmen Rostrum, during which Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme and the 10th Panchen Lama had a friendly meeting and were received by Mao Zedong.
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