在醞釀和探索解放西藏的過程中，考慮到西藏是一個特殊的民族地區(qū)，為了有利于人民解放軍順利進軍，有利于維護西藏人民的利益，有利于加強民族團結(jié)，中國共產(chǎn)黨確立了和平解放的方式。1949年3月，毛澤東主席根據(jù)人民解放戰(zhàn)爭即將全面勝利的形勢指出，待解放的地方按照“北平方式”和平解放的可能性在增加。之后，湖南、寧夏以及與西藏相鄰的新疆、云南、西康等省相繼以和平方式解放，為和平解放西藏提供了借鑒。1950年1月20日，針對西藏地方政府派出所謂“親善使團”一事，毛澤東主席授權(quán)中央人民政府外交部發(fā)言人發(fā)表談話指出：西藏人民的要求是在中央人民政府統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下實行適當(dāng)?shù)膮^(qū)域自治，“如果拉薩當(dāng)局在這個原則下派出代表到北京談判西藏的和平解放的問題，那么，這樣的代表自將受到接待”。
為爭取和平解放西藏，中央人民政府組織開展了大量的政治爭取工作。1950年間，西南局和西北局先后四次派出代表或代表團赴西藏進行勸和，以爭取十四世達賴?yán)锖臀鞑氐胤秸沙龃砼c中央人民政府談判和平解放西藏的辦法。2月1日，西北局派出藏族干部張競成攜帶青海省人民政府副主席廖漢生致十四世達賴?yán)锖蛿z政達扎·阿旺松饒的書信等赴藏聯(lián)絡(luò)。3月底，在中共中央批準(zhǔn)和西南局組織下，與西藏政教界有著良好關(guān)系的漢族高僧志清法師由成都啟程赴藏。7月間，以塔爾寺當(dāng)才活佛為團長的青海寺院赴藏勸和團從西寧出發(fā)。青海省人民政府副主席、著名藏族學(xué)者喜饒嘉措向達賴?yán)锖筒刈逋l(fā)表廣播講話，呼吁西藏地方政府“迅速派遣全權(quán)代表赴京進行和平協(xié)商”。7月10日，西康省甘孜白利寺五世格達活佛一行十人從白利寺出發(fā)，踏上赴藏勸和征程。然而，這一系列勸和促談活動，卻受到帝國主義侵略勢力和西藏親帝分裂分子的重重阻撓，勸和人員被驅(qū)趕或軟禁，有的代表團被分解，格達活佛在昌都被投毒致死。
When planning the liberation of Tibet and exploring the way of liberation, the CPC decided on the way of peaceful liberation in view of the fact that Tibet was a special region inhabited by the ethnic minorities, in order to enable the PLA to enter Tibet smoothly, safeguard the interests of the Tibetan people and strengthen national unity. In March 1949 when the people’s Liberation War was about to end with people’s victory, Chairman Mao pointed out that the possibilities of peaceful liberation, like that of Beiping, for other areas were growing. Then Hunan and Ningxia, as well as Xinjiang, Yunnan and Xikang, which all bordered Tibet, were liberated peacefully in succession, afford-ing useful experience for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. On January 20, 1950, in response to the local government of Tibet’s dispatching of a so-called “goodwill mission,” a spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs delivered a speech with au-thorization from Chairman Mao, saying what the Tibetan people wished was the exercise of appropriate regional autonomy under the unified leadership of the Central People’s Government, and that “if the Lhasa authorities comply with this principle and send delegates to Beijing to negotiate the peaceful liberation of Tibet, they will be well received.”
To achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the Central People’s Government organized and did a lot of work in political persuasion. In 1950 the Southwest and Northwest bureaux of the CPC Central Committee sent delegates or delegations to Tibet for mediation four times, in order to persuade the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet to send representatives to negotiate with the Central People’s Government on the peaceful liberation of Tibet. On February 1 the Northwest Bureau sent a Tibetan cadre, Zhang Jingcheng, to Tibet with a letter for the 14th Dalai Lama and Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab from Liao Hansheng, then vice chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Peo-ple’s Government. At the end of March an eminent Han monk, Master Zhiqing, who had good relations with the political and religious circles of Tibet, started for Tibet from Chengdu, with approval from the CPC Central Committee and the support of the Southwest Bureau. In July a delegation composed of members from Qinghai temples and monasteries, led by Taktser Rinpoche of Kumbum Monastery, set out from Xining. Sherab Gyatso, vice chairman of the Qinghai Provincial People’s Government and a leading Tibetan scholar, delivered a radio talk, calling on the local government of Tibet to “quickly dispatch plenipotentiary representatives to Beijing for peace talks.” On July 10 a delegation of ten, including the 5th Gedar Tulku of Beri Monastery in Garze, Xikang, also went to Tibet. However, these mediation activities suffered obstruction from imperialist aggressors and pro-imperialist separatists in Tibet. They were driven away or detained, some delegations were split up, and Gedar Tulku was even poisoned to death in Qamdo.
上一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英對照）III
下一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英對照）I
微信公眾號搜索“譯員”關(guān)注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學(xué)習(xí)及翻譯招聘信息。