領(lǐng)導(dǎo)指揮體制改革是適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代軍隊(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)化分工和信息時(shí)代能打仗、打勝仗的要求，提高軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)效能和建設(shè)效益的重大舉措。按照“軍委管總、戰(zhàn)區(qū)主戰(zhàn)、軍種主建”原則，強(qiáng)化軍委集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和戰(zhàn)略指揮、戰(zhàn)略管理功能，打破長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行的總部體制、大軍區(qū)體制、大陸軍體制，構(gòu)建新的軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理和作戰(zhàn)指揮體制。
調(diào)整組建新的軍委機(jī)關(guān)部門(mén)。優(yōu)化軍委機(jī)關(guān)職能配置和機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置，由過(guò)去的總參謀部、總政治部、總后勤部、總裝備部四總部調(diào)整為軍委機(jī)關(guān)15個(gè)職能部門(mén)，作為軍委集中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的參謀機(jī)關(guān)、執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)、服務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)。指揮、建設(shè)、管理、監(jiān)督等路徑更加清晰，決策、規(guī)劃、執(zhí)行、評(píng)估等職能配置更加合理。
The reform in the leadership and command system is a significant measure in response to the call of a modern and specialized military capable of fighting and winning wars in the information age, aiming to improve the operational effectiveness and development efficiency of the military. Adhering to the general principle of “the CMC exercising overall leadership, the TCs responsible for military operations and the services focusing on developing capabilities”, the PLA endeavors to enhance the CMC’s centralized and unified leadership and its functions of strategic command and strategic management. The PLA has dismantled the long-established systems of general departments, military area commands (MAC) and the force composition with a dominating land force, and established new leadership, management and operational command systems.
Reorganizing and establishing new CMC functional organs. To optimize the functional and institutional setup of the CMC organs, the former General Staff Headquarters, General Political Department, General Logistics Department and General Armaments Department have been reshuffled into 15 organs under the centralized CMC leadership to advise, execute and serve. Thus, the chains of command, development, management and supervision are more streamlined, and the responsibilities of decision-making, planning, execution and assessment are more properly delegated.
完善軍兵種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制。整合原四總部的陸軍建設(shè)職能，成立陸軍領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)；整合各軍種和軍委機(jī)關(guān)的戰(zhàn)略支援力量，成立戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)；第二炮兵更名為火箭軍；整合主要承擔(dān)通用保障任務(wù)的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)役力量，成立聯(lián)勤保障部隊(duì)，構(gòu)建起“中央軍委－軍種－部隊(duì)”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體系。
建立健全聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮體制。健全軍委聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機(jī)構(gòu)，組建戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮機(jī)構(gòu)，形成平戰(zhàn)一體、常態(tài)運(yùn)行、專(zhuān)司主營(yíng)、精干高效的聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮體系。撤銷(xiāo)沈陽(yáng)、北京、蘭州、濟(jì)南、南京、廣州、成都7個(gè)大軍區(qū)，成立東部、南部、西部、北部、中部5個(gè)戰(zhàn)區(qū)。通過(guò)改革，構(gòu)建起“中央軍委－戰(zhàn)區(qū)－部隊(duì)”的作戰(zhàn)指揮體系。
Improving the leadership and management system for services and arms. The PLA has:
?Established the PLAA leading organs by integrating the functions of the former general departments concerning the development of the land force;
?Established the PLASSF by combining strategic support forces across the services and CMC organs;
?Renamed the Second Artillery Force the PLARF; and
?Established the PLAJLSF by integrating strategic and campaign level forces mainly for general-purpose support.
Thus, a CMC-Services-Troops leadership and management system has been put in place.
Establishing and improving the joint operations command system. By improving the joint operations command organ of the CMC and setting up those at the theater level, the PLA has established a lean and efficient joint operations command system composed of permanent and specialized commanding establishments for both peacetime and wartime operations. The former Shenyang, Beijing, Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Chengdu MACs have been reorganized into 5 TCs: Eastern Theater Command (ETC), Southern Theater Command (STC), Western Theater Command (WTC), Northern Theater Command (NTC), and Central Theater Command (CTC). Thus, a CMC-TCs-Troops operations command system has been established.
建立健全法治監(jiān)督體系。組建新的軍委紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)（軍委監(jiān)察委員會(huì)），由中央軍委直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，向軍委機(jī)關(guān)部門(mén)和各戰(zhàn)區(qū)派駐紀(jì)檢組；組建新的軍委政法委員會(huì)，按區(qū)域設(shè)置軍事法院、軍事檢察院；組建軍委審計(jì)署，改革審計(jì)監(jiān)督體制，全部實(shí)行派駐審計(jì)，形成決策權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的權(quán)力運(yùn)行體系。
優(yōu)化規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)和力量編成
Building and improving the law-based supervision system. The Chinese military has established the CMC Discipline Inspection Commission (CMCDIC, also the CMC Supervision Commission, CMCSC) under the direct leadership of the CMC, and dispatched disciplinary inspection teams to the CMC functional organs and all TCs. It has set up the CMC Politics and Law Commission (CMCPLC) and established regional military courts and procuratorates. It has put into place the CMC Audit Office (CMCAO), reformed the audit-based oversight system, and implemented PLA-wide resident auditing. Thus, power is exercised in a way that decision-making, execution and supervision check each other and function in coordination.
Optimizing Size, Structure and Force Composition
規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)和力量編成改革是推進(jìn)軍隊(duì)組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化、構(gòu)建中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代軍事力量體系的關(guān)鍵一步。按照調(diào)整優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展新型力量、理順重大比例關(guān)系、壓減數(shù)量規(guī)模的要求，推動(dòng)軍隊(duì)由數(shù)量規(guī)模型向質(zhì)量效能型、人力密集型向科技密集型轉(zhuǎn)變。
調(diào)整軍隊(duì)規(guī)模比例，重塑力量結(jié)構(gòu)布局。裁減軍隊(duì)員額30萬(wàn)，現(xiàn)役總員額減至200萬(wàn)。擴(kuò)大士官和文職人員編配范圍，壓減各級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)編制，減少各級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層級(jí)和人員，精簡(jiǎn)文藝體育新聞出版、服務(wù)保障和院校、醫(yī)療、倉(cāng)庫(kù)、科研院所等機(jī)構(gòu)和人員，團(tuán)級(jí)以上機(jī)關(guān)人員減少約四分之一，非戰(zhàn)斗單位人員壓減近一半。大幅壓減陸軍現(xiàn)役員額，保持空軍現(xiàn)役員額穩(wěn)定，適度增加海軍、火箭軍現(xiàn)役員額，優(yōu)化各軍兵種內(nèi)部力量結(jié)構(gòu)。優(yōu)化后備力量結(jié)構(gòu)。調(diào)整作戰(zhàn)力量部署，形成與維護(hù)新時(shí)代國(guó)家安全需要相適應(yīng)的戰(zhàn)略布局。
Reform in size, structure and force composition is a pivotal step to optimizing military organizational structure and establishing a modern military force structure with Chinese characteristics. Following the instruction to optimize structures, develop new-type forces, adjust proportions and reduce sizes, the PLA is striving to transform from a quantity-and-scale model to that of quality and efficiency, as well as from being personnel-intensive to one that is S&T-intensive.
Adjusting scale and proportion, and restructuring force composition. 300,000 personnel have been cut to keep the total active force at 2 million. Reform measures have been taken to transfer more officer positions to non-commissioned officers and civilian staff, downsize the leading organs at all levels by reducing their subordinate sections, leadership hierarchies and staff, and streamline the institutions and personnel in arts, sports, press, publication, logistical support, medical facilities, depots, and educational and research institutes. Thus, the number of personnel in the leading organs at and above regiment level has been cut by about 25%, and that of non-combat units by almost 50%. The PLA has significantly downsized the active force of the PLAA, maintained that of the PLAAF at a steady number, moderately increased that of the PLAN and PLARF, and optimized the force structures of all services and arms. The PLA has restructured the defense reserves. The deployment of combat forces has been adjusted for a strategic configuration that meets the demands of safeguarding China’s national security in the new era.
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