翻譯中的所謂“真值共享”(shared values)論指譯者將一切語(yǔ)句的是非問(wèn)題依附于原文,原文對(duì)也譯,不對(duì)也照譯不誤,文責(zé)概由原文作者自負(fù),譯者可以“穩(wěn)做姜太公”?!罢嬷倒蚕怼闭擄@然不是一種完全站得住腳的翻譯價(jià)值觀。我們需要的是自己的邏輯分析,而不是唯文本論、唯原作者是從。
其實(shí),原文之“責(zé)”由原文作者自負(fù)在大多數(shù)情況下確屬必須而且必然。譯者只是原意的轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)者,不是加工創(chuàng)制者。我們只負(fù)責(zé)如實(shí)達(dá)意傳情。
這里的問(wèn)題是一、要不要對(duì)讀者負(fù)責(zé)?二、要不要對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)?如果以訛傳訛,那就不僅害了讀者,也貽害本人、貽害翻譯的社會(huì)聲譽(yù)和讀者對(duì)翻譯的信賴(lài)。
這方面例子很多。例如,譯者很可能在一首詩(shī)中遇到這樣一節(jié)詩(shī)——他顯然會(huì)處在兩難境地,因?yàn)樵?shī)中充滿了邏輯問(wèn)題——也可以說(shuō)是“無(wú)稽之談”:
At anchor laid, remote from home,
Toiling,I cry,"Sweet Spirit,come!
Celestial breeze, no longer stay,
But swell my sails, and speed my way!
Fain would I mount, fain would I glow,
And loose my cable from below:
But I can only spread my sail;
Thou, thou must breathe th'auspicious gale."
下面是一位批評(píng)家對(duì)詩(shī)人的質(zhì)問(wèn):
…On which(指上一節(jié)詩(shī))a writer in Spurgeon's Sword and Trowel, April, 1865,observes:"This sweet hymn by Toplady(指上一節(jié)詩(shī)的作者)is a singular mass of muddled metaphors. Why should mariners at anchor toil? Why should they lie at anchor when wishing for a gale? How can a ship mount? How can it glow? Does the poet wish to perish like the ill-fated 'Amazon'"?