現(xiàn)病史部分翻譯時(shí)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)
2017-04-01 11:29:24 etogether.net 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 次
現(xiàn)病史主要記載當(dāng)前疾病的發(fā)生時(shí)間、經(jīng)過(guò)、發(fā)病方式、可能病因與誘因、嚴(yán)重程度、發(fā)作頻率、進(jìn)展情況、治療情況等。該部分涉及到疾病癥狀，除了使用普通詞匯和普通醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯外，還常用一些醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)病史一般用陳述句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成吋、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)表迖?，F(xiàn)病史部分翻譯時(shí)的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)如下：
(1)形容詞
①緩慢、逐漸：slow，chronic, gradual(ly), increasingly
②突然：sudden(ly), abrupt(ly), fulminant, explosive, acute, sub-acute, all of a sudden
③頻度：occasional(ly). accidental(ly), often, frequent, recurrent, relapsing, 持續(xù)的 persistent,間歇性 intermittent，一過(guò)
性的transient，transitory
④程度：輕微的mild,中等稈度的moderate, medium-degreed,嚴(yán)重的severe, serious,可忍受的bearable.無(wú)法忍受的unbearable
⑤性質(zhì)、意義：局部的local,全身性的generalized,明顯的apparent, clear, obvious, definite, distinct, 隱約可見(jiàn)的 indistinct,
insidious,有(無(wú))癥狀的 (un)symptomatic, (a)symptomatic (不）發(fā)燒的（a)febrile
(2)名同
①起病、發(fā)作：attack, onset, episodes, seizure, spell, bout
②疾病變化progress, (dis) appearance， recurrence, relapse, aggravation, exacerbation, abatement, improvement, worsening
③相關(guān)、先后：relation, correlation, association, coincidence
(3)動(dòng)詞
①起病、疾病發(fā)作：appear, develop, start, begin with, occur, be present
②疾病變化：消失disappear，緩和abate, 緩解relieved，改善improved, 好轉(zhuǎn)better, improving, 惡化worsen, 加劇 aggravate,
exacerbate, 消退（減輕) subside, 持續(xù) persist, 減少 decrease, decline
③與…有關(guān)、并發(fā)、先后順序、對(duì)照:relate, associate, accompany，precede, follow, coincide
(4)以病人做主語(yǔ)的句型
①開(kāi)始有…的癥狀：start having...，如:
He started having headaches.
②開(kāi)始發(fā)生…的癥狀/疾?。篵egin having episodes of…，如：
She began having episodes of cardiac tachycardia.
③變得…: become... 如：
He became breathless / emaciated / easily exhausted.
④注意到：notice (perceive, note, recognize …）+癥狀 / 疾病，如：
On Sunday morning he perceived that his sputum was streaked with blood.
⑤有…癥狀/疾?。篽ave…，如：
He had high blood pressure for three years,
⑥突然患：have abrupt onset of...，如：
He had an abrupt onset of colic pain in his right quadrant.
⑦患；have episode of ... / have attack of …，如：
He had two episodes of pneumonia.
She had an episode of cercbral hemorrhage last year.
⑧出現(xiàn)/有了...癥狀/疾?。篸evelop +癥狀/疾病，如：
He suddenly developed a sharp pain in his right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
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