此外,中文學(xué)術(shù)論文摘要中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的“本文”一詞也是一個(gè)值得注意的問題。正如漢語(yǔ)中沒有籠統(tǒng)的cousin(堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹,表兄、表弟、表姐、表妹)的稱謂一樣,英語(yǔ)中沒有漢語(yǔ)“本文”的“文”這樣一個(gè)上義詞(superordinate)。因此,漢語(yǔ)的“論文”在英語(yǔ)中沒有一個(gè)固定的對(duì)應(yīng)詞,視不同情況可譯作article,paper, study, essay,thesis,tractate,treatise,dissertation,disquisition 等;其中僅article的范圍就包括feature (特寫),survey (概述),report (報(bào) 道),critique (批評(píng)),commentary (評(píng)注),review (評(píng)論)等。下面是 WEBSTER'S 11TH NEW COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY 對(duì) article,paper, study,essay,thesis 下的定義。
article,a nonfictional prose composition usih forming an independent part of a publication ( as a magazine);
paper,formal written composition often designed for publication and often intended to be read aloud;study,a careful examination or analysis of a phenomenon,development,or question;
essay: an analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or personal point of view ;
thesis,a position or proposition that a person (as a candidate for scholastic honors) advances and offers to maintain by argument.
根據(jù)上述定義,我們可知,article指的是供出版用的非文學(xué)類; paper指供出版或宣讀的正式文章;study為專題研究論文;essay為闡述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的分析說明性文學(xué)短文,屬小品文、散文、隨筆類; thesis 為畢業(yè)[學(xué)位]論文。因此,一般學(xué)術(shù)論文可視情況譯為paper, article或study為宜,而譯作 essay, thesis則很難反映出這類文章的實(shí)質(zhì)。
不過,在某些特殊情況下,有的期刊已明確規(guī)定所收錄文章的屬性,則應(yīng)按慣例直接使用該刊約定俗成的稱謂,如Physical Review Letters(物理評(píng)論快報(bào))、Chemical Communications (化學(xué)通訊)等,例如:
18. In this Letter we present a microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect based on the diagrammatic perturbation theory. ( W. K. Tse and S. Das Sarma, Phys. Rev, Lett. 96,056601)
19. This communication describes the synthesis and characterization of calcium binding stilbene carboxylic acids. ( H. A. Behanna and S.I. Stupp,Chem. Comm. 2005,4845)
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