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基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
①肯定句:主語 + had + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
②否定句:主語 + had + not + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
③一般疑問句:Had +主語 + p.p(過去分詞)+其它
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句
將來完成時
1. 概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)
2. 時間狀語:by the time of; by the end of + 時間短語(將來);by the time + 從句(將來)
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(過去分詞) + 其它
4 例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.
到你回來的時候,就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。
過去將來完成時
1.概念:表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發(fā)生的動作,常用在虛擬語氣中,表示與過去的事實相反。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/would have done sth.
3.例句:
I thought you'd have left by this time.
我想這會兒你已經(jīng)走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.
他告訴他們他會在8點以前干完。
現(xiàn)在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它
3.時間狀語:since + 時間點,for + 時間段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個小時。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起,孩子們一直看電視。
過去完成進行時
1.概念:表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個時刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?
4.特殊含義:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個諺語。(他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它)
③未得結(jié)果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解)
④最近情況:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反復(fù)動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
⑥情緒:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐煩)
將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間。是否繼續(xù)下去,要視上下文而定。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):shall/will have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c兒,等我們到了那兒,店門就會關(guān)了。
過去將來完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進行的動作。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我,到年底時,他就在那住了30年了。
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