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主謂一致是指:1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
(1)There is much water in the thermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
(2)Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
(3)Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:
(4)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
(5)There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
(6)There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個主語時(shí),謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時(shí),謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
(7)Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
(8)Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3. 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí),謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
(9)The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
(10)He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),或主語中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:
(11)Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。
(12)There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如: