2）連貫性

段落的另一要素是連貫性。它指段落內(nèi)部的句子應(yīng)按照一定的關(guān)系凝聚在一起，使整段結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，連貫緊湊，自然而流暢，以便讀者能夠輕松地理解段落的中心思想。沒有它，句與句之間聯(lián)系就不緊密，邏輯推理性就不強(qiáng)，并且全段顯得松散。

為了增強(qiáng)文章的連貫性，可采用下列方法：空間順序法排例、由重要到次重要或由次重要到重要排列、時間順序排列、主題要點(diǎn)排列、承轉(zhuǎn)詞的利用、由一般到具體和由具體到一般等方法。

第一種方法是以空間順序(spatial order)來安排段落。這是一種簡單易行、貼切自然的方法。描寫物與物之間的關(guān)系可利用由左到右、由右到左、從上到下或從下到上等方法進(jìn)行。

例3

The room was disgusting.Over by the far window was a trash can piled high with crumpled papers. In the middle of the room was a gaudy, round king-size bed littered with rotting fruit peels.The path between the bed and the doorway, where I was standing,was choked off by heaps of dirty clothes and old newspapers.

描寫先是從遠(yuǎn)處的窗子開始，然后房子中央，再到作者腳下。方法由遠(yuǎn)到近，使讀者能很容易地想象出圖上展示的房間。

第二種方法是按重要性排列（most-important-to-least-important order)或(least-important-to most-important order)。

無論是由重要到次重要還是由次重要到重要安排全段都會取得很好的連貫性。還以上面描述的房間為例，另一作者采用了由重要到次重要的寫作方式，因?yàn)閷τ谝婚g臥室來說，床是重要的。

3. 結(jié)尾句

結(jié)尾句是用來總結(jié)全段主題句的句子，放在段尾。它的功能為：總結(jié)段落的要點(diǎn)和對主題句做最后一次評論并使讀者對本段要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深思，產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想。

例4

Synonyms

Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning.For example, the words"stingy" and "frugal" both mean "careful with monan insult, while the word frugal has a much more positive connotation. Similarly, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pushy.Therefore.you should be careful in choosing words because many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all.

例5

The convenience and economy of small cars account for their popularity.They are easy to park quickly and take smaller parking spaces.Small cars are also a means of conserving energy because they use less gas than big cars.They are also more economical to operate and maintain,and they cost less. Because of all these advantages, the next car I buy is going to be an Econo-Midget.

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