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解題技巧
考生應(yīng)該清楚的是本部分考查的不僅僅是語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還加入了對(duì)語(yǔ)義邏輯的考察,是兩者的“混合雙打”。
最為重要的是在解題時(shí)首先要判斷出句子或從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu),再判斷其語(yǔ)義上是否通順連貫。因此考生對(duì)每個(gè)句子既要快讀也要細(xì)讀。如2016年上的55題:
They are intelligent animals and can see work together as they hunt schools of small fish.
A. can be seen working
B. to be seen working
C. can be seeing work
D. to be seeing work
【解析】本題在讀一次之后就能判斷出這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,再讀時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)主句中的內(nèi)容是兩個(gè)并列單句,由and連接;但從語(yǔ)義通順上來(lái)看,劃線(xiàn)部分卻不能像第一個(gè)單句一樣用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),應(yīng)該是被看見(jiàn)勞動(dòng),故選A。
從劃線(xiàn)部分著手
劃線(xiàn)部分經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)代詞指代混亂和限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代混亂等錯(cuò)誤。因此,如果句中劃線(xiàn)部分出現(xiàn)了這兩類(lèi)詞,建議在沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯(cuò)誤之前,可以從這兩類(lèi)詞下手進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。通過(guò)確認(rèn)其真實(shí)指代對(duì)象與其語(yǔ)法指代對(duì)象是否一致來(lái)排除一些錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。比如2017上的41題:
The office, laboratory, and museum are situated at the top of the hill in which they command a fine view.
A. where it commands
B. which it commands
C. where they command
D. which they command
【解析】從句子中可以看出本句有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,從句中有主謂賓成分。它修飾的先行詞是hill, 表示地點(diǎn),因此從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該是關(guān)系副詞,而劃線(xiàn)部分中卻用了in which,初一看好像是正確的,但如果再仔細(xì)讀一下,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是從山上往下看,因此應(yīng)該用from which才對(duì),但選項(xiàng)中卻沒(méi)有,故選A。
靈活運(yùn)用排除法
句中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤或邏輯錯(cuò)誤,尤其是在題干的劃線(xiàn)部分。對(duì)此,考生可以通過(guò)排除法縮小正確選項(xiàng)的范圍,再結(jié)合句子實(shí)際要表達(dá)的意思找出正確答案。比如2017上的43題
The runner, which for the competition for the first time in a major track meet, waited patiently in the starting blocks.
A. who was for the competition
B. that was about to compete
C.that was for the competition
D. who was about to compete
【解析】本題中一眼就能看出劃線(xiàn)部分的引導(dǎo)詞有問(wèn)題,由于先行詞是人,所以從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中就很容易排除B和C,然再?gòu)闹^語(yǔ)部分的語(yǔ)義“在起跑處耐心等待”上來(lái)判斷,可知比賽尚未開(kāi)始,故選D,因?yàn)槠渲械腷e about to do 表示即將開(kāi)始。
巧用語(yǔ)法的對(duì)稱(chēng)性
英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)一樣,也講究句子結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)稱(chēng)。這一點(diǎn)在句子改錯(cuò)中的比較項(xiàng)對(duì)照和平行結(jié)構(gòu)中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出,即盡可能在語(yǔ)法功能上和表達(dá)形式上前后一致。因此,考生可以通過(guò)未劃線(xiàn)部分中的語(yǔ)法功能和表達(dá)形式來(lái)確定劃線(xiàn)部分中與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法功能及表達(dá)形式,以達(dá)到快速排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的目的。比如2018上的59題和2017上的52題:
I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, also not least but last, self-induced pressure.
A. or
B. and
C. yet
D. with
【解析】本題就是一個(gè)典型的平行結(jié)構(gòu),句中冒號(hào)后面出現(xiàn)的是內(nèi)容相似,結(jié)構(gòu)相同,無(wú)先后順序,無(wú)因果關(guān)系的并列成分。在英語(yǔ)的書(shū)面表達(dá)中,句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)以上的并列成分,最后一個(gè)并列成分前面需要用一個(gè)連詞將并列項(xiàng)連接起來(lái),故選B。
More surprising, perhaps, as traditional marriage the difficulty is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving.
A. as the current difficulties of traditional marriage
B. the current difficulties of traditional marriage
C. than the current difficulties of traditional marriage
D. what the current difficulties of traditional marriage
【解析】本題中句子一開(kāi)始就出現(xiàn)了more surprising,我們就很容易預(yù)期后面能有than, 形成一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu),但接下來(lái)就沒(méi)有連詞than出現(xiàn),在劃線(xiàn)部分中出現(xiàn)的竟然是as...,這是典型的不對(duì)稱(chēng)。故選C。