二、殘疾人權(quán)益保障機(jī)制

　　中國堅(jiān)持將殘疾人事業(yè)納入國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)殘疾人權(quán)益法治保障，健全殘疾人工作體制，殘疾人權(quán)益保障機(jī)制不斷完善。

　　II. Mechanisms for the Protection of Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities

　　China will continue to include the programs of persons with disabilities into the national development strategy, and strengthen the legal protection of their rights and interests, and improve the support system for them and the mechanisms for ensuring their rights and interests.

　　殘疾人事業(yè)納入國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。自1991年開始，殘疾人事業(yè)被納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃，“十一五”至“十三五”國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃中分別設(shè)立“保障殘疾人權(quán)益”“加快殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展”“提升殘疾人服務(wù)保障水平”專節(jié)。國務(wù)院先后頒布7個(gè)殘疾人事業(yè)五年發(fā)展規(guī)劃，對殘疾人權(quán)益保障工作作出總體部署；發(fā)布《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)殘疾人小康進(jìn)程的意見》《“十三五”加快殘疾人小康進(jìn)程規(guī)劃綱要》《“十三五”推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化規(guī)劃》《國家殘疾預(yù)防行動計(jì)劃（2016－2020年）》和兩期《特殊教育提升計(jì)劃》等一批專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的工作任務(wù)和責(zé)任清單；自2009年開始施行的三期國家人權(quán)行動計(jì)劃均規(guī)定了殘疾人權(quán)益保障的任務(wù)要求和完成指標(biāo)。

　  Integrating the programs of persons with disabilities into the national development strategy. Since 1991, programs of persons with disabilities have been included into the overall plan for national economic and social development. From the 11th to the 13th five-year plans, there have been special sections titled “protecting the rights and interests of persons with disabilities”, “accelerating the programs of persons with disabilities”, and “improving services to and protection of persons with disabilities” in these plans. The State Council has released seven five-year development plans for persons with disabilities, making overall arrangements for the protection of their rights and interests. To further define the tasks and responsibility list for the protection of persons with disabilities, China has issued “Instructions of the State Council on Accelerating the Process Toward Prosperity for Persons with Disabilities”, “Outline for Accelerating the Process Toward Prosperity for Persons with Disabilities in the 13th Five-year Plan Period”, “Plan for Promoting Equal Access to Basic Public Services in the 13th Five-year Plan Period”, “The National Disability Prevention Program (2016-2020)”, and two documents of “Special Education Promotion Plan”, for 2014-2016 and 2017-2020 respectively. Launched in 2009, the three documents of the “National Human Rights Action Plan” for 2009-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2020 specified the tasks and goals of this mission.

　　殘疾人權(quán)益保障法治化。中國已形成以《中華人民共和國憲法》為核心，以《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》為主干，以《殘疾預(yù)防和殘疾人康復(fù)條例》《殘疾人教育條例》《殘疾人就業(yè)條例》《無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)條例》等為重要支撐的殘疾人權(quán)益保障法律法規(guī)體系。截至2018年4月，直接涉及殘疾人權(quán)益保障的法律有80多部，行政法規(guī)有50多部?！吨腥A人民共和國憲法》明確規(guī)定包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的所有公民都依法享有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)，《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》規(guī)定殘疾人在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會和家庭生活等方面享有同其他公民平等的權(quán)利，《中華人民共和國選舉法》對殘疾人行使選舉權(quán)作出特殊規(guī)定，要求為殘疾人參加選舉提供便利。2018年，共有5000多名殘疾人、殘疾人親友和殘疾人工作者擔(dān)任縣級以上人大代表和政協(xié)委員。國家采取多種措施保障殘疾人參與公共事務(wù)的平等權(quán)利。全國人大常委會多次開展《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》實(shí)施情況的執(zhí)法檢查，持續(xù)推動殘疾人合法權(quán)益保障工作不斷改進(jìn)，全國政協(xié)通過開展多種形式的協(xié)商議政活動持續(xù)推進(jìn)殘疾人的權(quán)益保護(hù)，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院與中國殘聯(lián)建立協(xié)調(diào)工作機(jī)制，公安部依法嚴(yán)厲打擊侵犯殘疾人合法權(quán)益的違法犯罪行為。全國普遍開通12385殘疾人服務(wù)熱線，建成殘疾人信訪工作網(wǎng)上服務(wù)平臺，拓寬殘疾人利益訴求渠道。

　　Law-based protection of rights and interests of persons with disabilities. A legal system is now in place in China with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China as basis, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities as its mainstay. It is taken to a further level of detail in the Regulations on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities, Regulations on the Education of Persons with Disabilities, Regulations on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities, and Regulations on the Building of an Accessible Environment. By April 2018, more than 80 laws and 50 administrative regulations had been passed concerning the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities.

　　The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China explicitly specifies that all citizens, including persons with disabilities, have the right to vote and to stand for election in accordance with the law. The Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities provides that persons with disabilities shall enjoy the same economic, political, cultural, social and family rights as other citizens. The Electoral Law of the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses contains special provisions concerning the election rights of persons with disabilities, requiring that assistance be provided to facilitate their participation in elections. In 2018, over 5,000 persons with disabilities, relatives of this group, and personnel working for them were deputies to the people’s congresses and members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) above the county level.

　　The state has taken measures to ensure the equal rights of persons with disabilities to participate in public affairs. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) has carried out inspections on the implementation of the Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities to improve the protection of their lawful rights and interests. The CPPCC National Committee has held various consultative conferences for the same goal. The Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and the CDPF have built a joint working mechanism to this end. The Ministry of Public Security has acted with resolution against illegal criminal acts infringing upon the legal rights and interests of persons with disabilities. The 12385 service hotline for persons with disabilities has been 

launched nationwide, and an online petition platform is also available to expand the channels for these people to express their concerns.

　　殘疾人公共法律服務(wù)體系優(yōu)先建設(shè)。最高人民法院等九部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)殘疾人法律救助工作的意見》，成立了殘疾人法律救助工作協(xié)調(diào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，指導(dǎo)地方設(shè)立殘疾人法律救助工作站。最高人民法院要求各級人民法院為殘疾人開辟綠色通道，提供優(yōu)先服務(wù)；同時(shí)要求為殘疾人提供司法便民服務(wù)，為殘疾人參加庭審活動提供無障礙設(shè)施。司法部發(fā)布《關(guān)于“十三五”加強(qiáng)殘疾人公共法律服務(wù)的意見》，拓展了殘疾人公共法律服務(wù)領(lǐng)域，擴(kuò)大了殘疾人法律援助范圍，加強(qiáng)了殘疾人刑事法律援助。截至2018年，全國設(shè)立殘疾人法律援助工作站2600余個(gè)，建成法律援助便民服務(wù)窗口2600余個(gè)，各級殘疾人聯(lián)合會（簡稱“殘聯(lián)”）建立殘疾人法律救助工作站1814個(gè)。2014年至2018年，共為31.2萬殘疾人提供法律援助，法律援助機(jī)構(gòu)組織為殘疾人提供法律咨詢共計(jì)124.2萬人次。

　　Prioritizing a public legal service system for persons with disabilities. The Supreme People’s Court and eight other departments have jointly issued the “Directives on Strengthening Legal Aid for Persons with Disabilities”, and set up a leading group to guide local departments in building legal aid centers. The Supreme People’s Court requires that people’s courts at all levels open up green channels for persons with disabilities, give them priority, provide them with convenient legal services, and create barrier-free facilities in courts. The Ministry of Justice released the “Directives on Improving Public Legal Services for Persons with Disabilities in the 13th Five-year Plan Period” to expand the scope of these services, including legal aid, and to strengthen criminal legal aid for these people.

　　By 2018, more than 2,600 legal aid centers and more than 2,600 service windows for persons with disabilities had been set up across the nation. And 1,814 legal aid stations had been built by disabled persons’ federations at all levels. From 2014 to 2018, a total of 312,000 persons with disabilities benefited from legal aid services, and 1,242,000 received legal advice from legal aid organizations.