在醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展史上，外科的地位與內(nèi)科相比曾經(jīng)低得多。

In the history of medical science, surgery had a much lower standing compared with medicine. 

雖然文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)開始繁榮起來，但是當(dāng)時(shí)的大學(xué)不向外科醫(yī)生提供正規(guī)教育，因?yàn)橥饪乒ぷ鞯捏w力性質(zhì)使之被視為一種手藝而不是一門藝術(shù)。

Although medical knowledge began to flourish during the Renaissance, universities at that time did not offer formal education to surgeons, for the manual nature of surgical work caused it to be viewed as a trade rather than an art.

此外，多數(shù)醫(yī)生覺得外科與屠宰一樣，毫無(wú)科學(xué)可言。

Moreover, most physicians felt that there was no more science in surgery than in butchering.

但是現(xiàn)在，外科在醫(yī)學(xué)中的地位已不可同日而語(yǔ)。當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展使外科與內(nèi)科聯(lián)起手來，為解除痛苦和促進(jìn)健康提供最佳的治療。

But now, surgery has an incomparable standing in medical science. Advances in contemporary medicine enable surgery and medicine to join hands to provide the best care possible, relieving sufferings and promoting health.

當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展也改變了一些傳統(tǒng)觀念，促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。20世紀(jì)60年代節(jié)育口服避孕藥發(fā)明就是一個(gè)明證。

Advances in contemporary medicine have also altered some traditional beliefs and promoted social progress. The invention of birth control pills in the 1960s is a case in point. 

避孕藥被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最具革命性的發(fā)展，對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了影響。它把生育和性區(qū)隔開來，使女性更可靠地控制生育。

The pill is thought of as the most revolutionary development of the 20th century, which has had some effect on the society as a whole. It completely separated birth control from sex, allowing women to control their fertility more reliably. 

這種自由，與婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)一起，使女性進(jìn)入職業(yè)行業(yè)，并發(fā)展提升。

That freedom, along with the women's movement, allowed women to enter the workforce and to advance. 

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