?。ㄈ┎粦?yīng)違背契約精神指責(zé)中國(guó)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓
中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，外國(guó)企業(yè)為了拓展新興市場(chǎng)、節(jié)約生產(chǎn)支出、實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模效益和延長(zhǎng)技術(shù)獲利時(shí)間，主動(dòng)與中國(guó)企業(yè)建立合作伙伴關(guān)系，訂立契約合同，把產(chǎn)能和訂單向中國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移，這完全是基于商業(yè)利益的企業(yè)自愿行為。不能因?yàn)橹袊?guó)企業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步，就把原本雙方自愿的交易活動(dòng)歪曲為強(qiáng)制技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)@既不符合歷史事實(shí)，也是對(duì)契約精神的背棄。
3. China should not be accused of forced technology transfer as it is against the spirit of contract
Since the adoption of reform and opening up, foreign enterprises have established partnerships with Chinese companies by voluntarily entering into contracts. They transferred production capacity and orders to China of their own volition so as to tap into the emerging market, save production costs, achieve economy of scale, and extend the term of profiting from technologies. These are voluntary behaviors based on business interests. However, it accords with neither historical facts nor the spirit of contract to unjustly label bilateral transactions on a voluntary basis as forced technology transfer simply on the grounds of Chinese firms’ technological advances.
中國(guó)與美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家合作過(guò)程中發(fā)生的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移，源自發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家企業(yè)出于利益最大化考慮的主動(dòng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓及產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。產(chǎn)品生命周期理論表明，任何一種產(chǎn)品都會(huì)因新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用而經(jīng)歷一個(gè)由盛到衰的生命周期。跨國(guó)公司在努力開(kāi)發(fā)新技術(shù)的同時(shí)，需要不斷向發(fā)展中國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)讓已落后或是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了的技術(shù)，以延長(zhǎng)依靠舊技術(shù)獲取利潤(rùn)的時(shí)間，并為新技術(shù)研發(fā)應(yīng)用騰出空間和要素資源，也間接分擔(dān)研發(fā)成本，技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓和許可是常用的商業(yè)合作模式。
上世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，微軟、英特爾、高通、寶潔、通用電氣、朗訊等美國(guó)公司相繼在中國(guó)設(shè)立研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)，目的是更好適應(yīng)和開(kāi)發(fā)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。多年來(lái)美國(guó)在華企業(yè)通過(guò)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓與許可獲得了巨額利益回報(bào)，是技術(shù)合作的最大受益者。
Technology transfer in the course of cooperation between China and developed countries such as the US is voluntary technology transfer and industrial transfer initiated by the enterprises of developed countries keen to maximize their interests. The product life-cycle theory indicates that any kind of product goes through a life-cycle from peak to decline due to application of new technologies. While endeavoring to develop new technologies, multinationals continuously transfer technologies that are either obsolete or standardized to developing countries with a view to extending the term of profiting from old technologies, making room and sparing production factors for R&D and application of new ones, and indirectly sharing R&D costs. Therefore, technology transfer and licensing is a widely-used business cooperation model. Since the 1990s, Microsoft, Intel, Qualcomm, P&G, GE, Lucent, and other American companies have set up R&D facilities in China in a bid to better adapt to and explore the Chinese market. Over the years, American firms in China have earned handsome profits through technology transfer and licensing. They are the largest beneficiary of technological cooperation.
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