1. Viruses are the smallest and simplest living things on the planet, but they have terrible effects on the other living things.
病毒是地球上最小又是最簡單的生物體，但是對其他生物體有可怕的作用。
2. A virus can be as minor as a common cold, or deadly like the AIDS virus.
一種病毒的作用可以像普通感冒一樣輕微，或像艾滋病病毒那樣致命。
3. But all the viruses have one common purpose: to reproduce.
但是，所有病毒有一個共同的目的：繁殖。
4. A virus is structured in such a way that it can attach itself to a cell. Then the viral DNA takes over the healthy cell and uses it to make more viruses.
病毒的結構是這樣的：它能依附在細胞上，然后病毒的DNA攻擊健康細胞，用它來制造更多的病毒。
5. Once the virus multiplies, the host cell explodes and releases new viral cells that attach themselves to other healthy cells, starting the cycle over again.
一旦病毒繁殖，宿主細胞激增并釋放新的病毒細胞，依附在其他健康細胞上，再次開始這樣的繁殖循環(huán)。
6. Certain viruses are so harmful that viral epidemic can be considered a natural disaster.
某些病毒非常有害，以至于病毒流行可以被看作為一場自然災害。
7. In 1918, an influenza pandemic and epidemic over a large area struck every major U.S. city.
在1918年，一場大面積的流感大流行襲擊了美國每一個大城市。
8. Scientists have developed vaccines to combat some harmful viruses.
科學家們已經開發(fā)疫苗來抗擊一些有害的病毒。
9. Vaccines work by infecting a person with an innocuous or harmless form of the virus.
疫苗通過用無害或不致害的病毒形式感染人，因而起到抗病毒的作用。
10. Parts of the immune system known as memory cells are then able to recognize and destroy the virus if it ever enters the body again.
如果那種病毒再次進入人體，被稱為記憶細胞的免疫系統(tǒng)一部分就能夠識別和破壞它。
11. Not all viruses can be fought with vaccines. Certain types of viruses continually mutate or change, making it impossible to create vaccines that will protect against all the mutations.
并非所有病毒都能用疫苗來抗擊。某些類型的病毒不斷在變異或改變，結果就不可能開發(fā)出針對所有變異的疫苗。
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