中國(guó)企業(yè)是美國(guó)濫用國(guó)家安全審查的主要受害者之一。美國(guó)外國(guó)投資委員會(huì)成立以來(lái)，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)根據(jù)該委員會(huì)建議否決的4起投資交易均系針對(duì)中國(guó)企業(yè)或其關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)。2013-2015年，美國(guó)外國(guó)投資委員會(huì)共審查39個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的387起交易，被審查的中國(guó)企業(yè)投資交易共74起，占19%，連續(xù)三年位居被審查數(shù)量國(guó)別榜首。從近年來(lái)美國(guó)否決和阻止中國(guó)企業(yè)投資的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看（表4和表5），美國(guó)外國(guó)投資委員會(huì)對(duì)華投資審查范圍已從半導(dǎo)體、金融行業(yè)擴(kuò)大至豬飼養(yǎng)等食品加工業(yè)。加上其審查程序不透明、自由裁量權(quán)極大、否決原因披露不詳?shù)纫蛩兀浴拔：?guó)家安全”為由阻礙正常交易的情況更為嚴(yán)重。

　　圖表：表4：1990—2018年被美國(guó)否決的中資海外并購(gòu)交易 新華社發(fā)

　　圖表：表5：2005—2018年因美國(guó)外國(guó)投資委員會(huì)審查而被撤銷(xiāo)的部分中資海外并購(gòu)交易 新華社發(fā)

Source: Annual Reports Released by CFIUS

Chinese companies are one of the main targets of the US abuse of national security reviews. Since the establishment of CFIUS, US Presidents vetoed four transactions based on the Committee’s recommendation, all targeting Chinese firms or their related businesses. From 2013 to 2015, CFIUS reviewed in total 387 transactions concerning 39 economies, among which 74 were transactions involving investment from Chinese companies, accounting for 19 percent of the total, the largest share among all countries for three years in a row. The data on Chinese corporate investment being vetoed and blocked by the US (Table 4 and Table 5) shows that CFIUS review of Chinese investment has extended its reach from semiconductors and financial sectors to food processing sectors including swine feed. In addition to an absence of transparency in the review process, excessive discretionary power, and lack of explanations for vetoes, there is an even more serious issue – that normal transactions are being obstructed on the grounds of national security. 

Table 4: Overseas Acquisition Transactions with Chinese Investment Vetoed by the US from 1990 to 2018

　　美國(guó)新立法進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)外資安全審查。2018年8月13日，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)簽署了《2019財(cái)年國(guó)防授權(quán)法案》，作為其組成部分的《外國(guó)投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)審查現(xiàn)代化法案》賦予了外國(guó)投資委員會(huì)更大審查權(quán)，包括擴(kuò)大受管轄交易范圍、擴(kuò)充人員編制、引入“特別關(guān)注國(guó)”概念、增加考慮審查因素等，投資審查收緊趨勢(shì)明顯。其中，特別要求美國(guó)商務(wù)部在2026年前每?jī)赡晏峤灰环蓐P(guān)于中國(guó)企業(yè)在美投資情況的分析報(bào)告。

The United States is preparing new legislation for more stringent foreign investment security review. On August 13, 2018, the President signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, part of which is the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), which strengthens the authority of CFIUS, expands the scope of transactions covered, recruits additional staff, establishes the term of “countries of special concern”, and adds additional factors to be considered in reviews. All of this points to a clear trend of tighter investment reviews. In particular, it requests the Department of Commerce to submit a biennial analysis on Chinese investments in the US before 2026.