債務(wù)減免

    債務(wù)減免是指中國免除部分發(fā)展中國家對(duì)華到期政府債務(wù)。對(duì)于受援國對(duì)華政府債務(wù)，中國政府從不施加還款壓力。在受援國償還到期無息貸款遇到困難時(shí)，中國政府一向采取靈活的處理方式，通過雙邊協(xié)商延長還款期限。為進(jìn)一步減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)困難國家的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，中國政府在2000年中非合作論壇第一屆部長級(jí)會(huì)議、2005年聯(lián)合國發(fā)展籌資高級(jí)別會(huì)議、2006年中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)、2008年聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級(jí)別會(huì)議、2009年中非合作論壇第四屆部長級(jí)會(huì)議和2010年聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級(jí)別會(huì)議上，先后6次宣布免除與中國有外交關(guān)系的重債窮國和最不發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)華到期無息貸款債務(wù)。截至2009年底，中國與非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比和大洋洲50個(gè)國家簽署免債議定書，免除到期債務(wù)380筆，金額達(dá)255.8億元人民幣。

四、對(duì)外援助分布

Debt Relief

Debt relief means that China cancels the mature governmental debts of some developing countries that they owe China. China never urges indebted countries to pay back governmental debts. When re-cipient countries encounter difficulties in repaying due interest-free loans, the Chinese government usually adopts flexible ways and ex-tends the period of repayment through bilateral discussions. To re-duce the debt burden on financially troubled countries, China has, on six occasions, declared that it would cancel debts incurred by mature interest-free loans owed to China by those heavily indebted poor countries and least developed countries which have diplomatic ties with China. Those occasions were the FOCAC First Ministerial Conference in 2000, UN High-Level Meeting on Financing for Development in 2005, Beijing Summit of the FOCAC in 2006, UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2008, the FOCAC Fourth Ministerial Conference in 2009 and UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2010. By the end of 2009, China had signed debt relief protocols with 50 countries from Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, canceling 380 mature debts totaling 25.58 billion yuan.

Table 2  Statistics on Debts Owed to China That Have Been Canceled by the Chinese Government (by the end of 2009)

IV. Distribution of Foreign Aid

    中國對(duì)外援助的主要對(duì)象是低收入發(fā)展中國家。在援助領(lǐng)域分布中，中國重點(diǎn)關(guān)注受援國民生和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，努力使援助更多地惠及當(dāng)?shù)刎毨后w。

    地區(qū)分布

    中國對(duì)外援助地理分布比較均衡。受援國涉及亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲、加勒比、大洋洲和東歐等地區(qū)大部分發(fā)展中國家。中國對(duì)其中最不發(fā)達(dá)國家和其他低收入國家的援助比重始終保持在2／3左右。截至2009年底，中國累計(jì)向161個(gè)國家以及30多個(gè)國際和區(qū)域組織提供了援助，經(jīng)常性接受中國援助的發(fā)展中國家有123個(gè)，其中亞洲30個(gè)、非洲51個(gè)、拉丁美洲和加勒比18個(gè)、大洋洲12個(gè)、東歐12個(gè)。亞洲和非洲作為貧困人口最多的兩個(gè)地區(qū)，接受了中國80％左右的援助。    

The recipients of China’s foreign aid are mainly low-income de-veloping countries. Regarding the distribution of its foreign aid, China sets great store by people’s living conditions and economic development of recipient countries, making great efforts to ensure its aid benefits as many needy people as possible.

Geographical Distribution

The geographical distribution of China’s foreign aid shows a comparatively even coverage. The recipients cover most developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania and Eastern Europe. About two-thirds of China’s aid always go to the least developed countries and other low-income countries. By the end of 2009, China had aided 161 countries and more than 30 international and regional organizations, including 123 developing countries that receive aid from China regularly. Of them, 30 are in Asia, 51 in Africa, 18 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 12 in Oceania and 12 in Eastern Europe. Asia and Africa, home to the largest poor population, have got about 80% of China’s foreign aid.

Figure 2  Geographical Distribution of China’s Foreign Aid Funds in 2009

Figure 3  Distribution of China’s Foreign Aid According to the Income Level of Recipient Countries in 2009