1. World War I, more than 10 million dead, many from the infection of their wounds.

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中超過1千萬人死亡，許多人死于傷口感染。

2. After the war, research intensified to find safe methods of repelling bacteria or invaders.

一戰(zhàn)以后，對尋找驅(qū)除細菌和病蟲入侵的安全方法加強了研究。

3. Among those on the case was Scottish physician Alexander Fleming.

在此方面的研究者中有蘇格蘭人亞歷山大?弗萊明醫(yī)生。

4. While studying Staphylococcus bacteria, Fleming noticed something unusual growing in the culture dish: a mold—Penicillium notatum.

在研究葡萄球菌時，弗萊明注意到一樣不同尋常的東西生長在培養(yǎng)皿里：一種真菌，叫青霉菌。

5. He saw that the bacteria surrounding the mold had died off, which led him to speculate the mold-producing substance that was lethal to the bacteria. He named the substance Penicillin.

他看到在真菌周圍的細菌都死了，于是他推測到產(chǎn)生真菌的物質(zhì)對細菌是致命的。他把這種物質(zhì)取名為“青霉素”。

6. For the next several years, Fleming tried extracting penicillin and applied it to treat infections. But he was unsuccessful and eventually gave up.

在以后的幾年里，弗萊明嘗試著提取青霉素，應(yīng)用它來治療感染。但是他未成功而最終放棄了。

7. Fleming's work, however, proved invaluable. In 1935, scientist Howard Florey and Ernst  Chain of Oxford University came across a record of Fleming's curious but incomplete work of penicillin, and decided to investigate. 

然而，弗萊明的研究證明是極有價值的。在1935年，牛津大學(xué)的科學(xué)家霍華德?弗洛里與厄恩斯特?錢恩偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了弗萊明奇妙的但不完全的青霉素研究，于是決定調(diào)查研究。

8. This time they successfully extracted and purified penicillin. And in 1940, they tested it.

這一次，他們成功地提取了青霉素，并加以純化。在1940年，他們進行青霉素試驗。

9. They injected 8 mice with lethal doses of bacteria Staphylococci. Then they injected 4 of the mice with penicillin.

他們給8只小鼠注射了致命劑量的葡萄球菌，然后又給其中4只小鼠注射了青霉素。

10. Within hours they beheld the results: the 4 mice not treated with penicillin were dead, but 3 of the 4 that had been given penicillin were alive.

在幾小時內(nèi)他們看到了意想不到的結(jié)果：沒有注射青霉素的4只小鼠死了，而注射青霉素的4只小鼠有3只還活著。

11. From Fleming to Florey and Chain, the world's first antibiotic was born.

從弗萊明到弗洛里和錢恩的研究，世界上首個抗生素誕生了。 

12. It was a miracle drug, it cured so many diseases that had caused so much pain and  suffering. 

青霉素是特效藥，治愈了造成那么多痛苦的大量疾病。

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