2) 因此仰望杏子不舍。又想起邢岫煙已擇了夫婿一事，雖說是男女大事，不可不行，但未免又少了一個好女兒。不過兩年，便也要 “綠葉成蔭子滿枝”了。（第五十八回）

楊譯：

Lost in contemplation of the tree, he thought of Xiuyan and her recent engagement. Though marriage was something everyone must go through with, this would mean one good girl the less; in just a couple of years she would be burdened with children as this tree was with fruits;…

霍譯：

He stood and gazed at the tree. They were Du Mu's lines, written on his last visit to Hu-zhou, when he met the beautiful young dancer of a dozen years before and found that she was now a married woman with a brood of children. How did it go?

The spring-time blossoms，white and red，

Before the thieving wind have fled；

And in among the green leaves now 

The young fruit hangs from every bough.

He thought of Xing Xiu-yan's betrothal. It would only be a year or two now before she married, and soon she too, like the girl that Du Mu wrote about, would be a mother with a brood of young children about her. People had to marry, of course : they had to reproduce their kind. But what a way for a lovely young girl to end!

The spring-time blossoms, white and red ...

該例中的“綠葉成蔭子滿枝”是杜牧《嘆花》詩中的詩句。據(jù)《唐詩紀(jì)事》卷五十六載，杜牧游湖州時，和一個少女相識，十四年后杜牧到湖州當(dāng)刺史，這個女子已經(jīng)年老、嫁人、多子了。于是他就寫下了《嘆花》一詩:“自是尋春去較遲，不須愁悵怨芳時?？耧L(fēng)落盡深紅色，綠葉成蔭子滿枝?！辈苎┣矍擅罾眯訕浣Y(jié)子的 “子”和女子生養(yǎng)孩子的“子”的諧音雙關(guān)，在該上下文中兩次引用杜牧的這句詩，借景抒情，語言含蓄委婉，意味深長。

楊譯依然采用“二語雙關(guān)”的譯法：把“子”的雙關(guān)意義分別用 children 與 fruits 來體現(xiàn)，將 she would be burdened with children

與this tree was with fruits通過連詞as連接起來。另外，本例中杜 牧的這句詩在原著的上文首次出現(xiàn)時，楊譯作了腳注Line from a poem by Du Mu (803-852).為譯文讀者提供了必要的文化背景知識。

從篇幅上來看，霍譯明顯比楊譯長，主要是因為霍譯把杜牧的整首詩以及與該詩有關(guān)的寫作背景全部融入了譯文之中。筆者認為，盡管譯文與原文在形式上有較大變動，甚至有些內(nèi)容在言語表達上與事實情況存一定的出入，如 written on his last visit to Hu-zhou, a dozen years before等，但是這些變動并沒有“因形害義”，而且對于譯文讀者來講，一方面可以通過閱讀這段文字了解漢語語言文化中源遠流長的詩詞藝術(shù)，以及與這些詩詞相關(guān)的文字背后的故事和傳說，讀來令人回味無窮；另外，讀者還可以結(jié)合上下文——包括這首詩本身， 特別是引發(fā)詩人寫詩的其人其事，進一步理解曹雪芹筆下的主人公景生情，感嘆時光流逝、容顏易改的思想感情，體會詩句所表達的雙關(guān)意義?；糇g把這句一語雙關(guān)的引文經(jīng)過語言重組，克服了文化的和修 辭的種種障礙，組織成這段邏輯嚴(yán)密、可讀性強的譯文，是翻譯帶有濃 厚文化色彩的雙關(guān)語的一個值得借鑒的新思路。

事實上，“要把雙關(guān)語翻譯好，即使是采用‘二語雙關(guān)’的譯法，都 是非常不容易的。還有不少雙關(guān)語，就連‘ 二語雙關(guān),的譯法都處理不 了，……”我們來看下面的例子：

3) 偶因濟劉氏，巧得遇恩人。（第五回）

楊譯：

Because of help given by chance to Granny Liu, 

In time of need she is lucky a friend to find.

霍譯：

Through a chance kindness to a country wife 

Deliverance came for your afflicted life.

這是《紅樓夢》金陵判詞中為數(shù)不少的諧音雙關(guān)之一。其中的 “巧”字,字面上是“恰巧”之意，實際上諧音雙關(guān)鳳姐女兒巧姐的“巧” 字。這個判詞，預(yù)見了巧姐的命運：曾得到鳳姐接濟的劉姥姥，當(dāng)賈字。這個判詞，預(yù)見了巧姐的命運：曾得到鳳姐接濟的劉姥姥，當(dāng)賈府?dāng)÷浜?，成了巧姐的恩人。這個諧音雙關(guān)用得十分巧妙。但是，兩位譯者在這個巧妙的雙關(guān)面前，顯得有些力不從心，只能翻譯其字面意義，雙關(guān)意無法傳達。僅憑這兩句譯文，讀者無法得到雙重的寓意， 看不出與巧姐的結(jié)局有何相干。

責(zé)任編輯：admin