（1）醫(yī)學(xué)研究論文材料與方法部分及結(jié)果部分的時態(tài)基本相同，一般用過去時。例如：

結(jié)果

人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)

確診時的平均年齡為47歲（最小1個月.最大86歲），43例（16%)<20歲，>60歲；152例（55%)為男性。所有患者均為白人。174例表現(xiàn)出心臟病癥狀的患者經(jīng)超聲心動留檢查診斷為HCM，新近發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟雜音或心電圖 (ECG)異常82例，HCM家族史21例。從首次診斷到最近一次的臨床評估或至死亡前的臨床評估隨訪時間為8.1年（范圍6個月-31年）。

RESULTS

Demographics

Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years (range 1 month to 86 years). Forty- three patients (16%) were younger than 20 years while 90 patients (32%) were 60 years or older； 152 (55%) were men. All patients were white. Circumstances that led directly to the diagnosis of HCM by echocardiography were cardiac symptoms (n = 174)，a newly detected heart murmur or abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings (n= 82)，or family history of HCM ( n - 21). Duration of follow-up from initial diagnosis to the most recent clinical evaluation or death was 8.1 years (range, 6 months to 31 years).

 

（2）表示研究實驗結(jié)果時，有吋追述結(jié)果之前的情況，則用過去完成時。例如

①用相同的方法對兩名中暑病員（中暑虛脫）進行了治療。箅一名中暑病員是在研究志愿受試者之前進行治療的。

Two heat casualties (heat exhaustion) were treated by this method. The first was treated before the volunteers had been studied.

②幾乎所有的病人在開始接受全胃腸外營養(yǎng)后不久以及在作出膽道疾病診斷之前，都有肝功檢驗結(jié)果異常。

In almost all of these patients, the abnormal results of liver function tests had been noted early after the initiation of TPN of these patients.

 

（3）說明表注和圖注的內(nèi)容、數(shù)據(jù)、圖形和符號用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

①表3表明，調(diào)整年齡后，收縮壓和舒張壓與鉀攝取量之間關(guān)系的回歸坡度，男性與女性相似。即鉀攝取量每上升10毫克分子，收縮壓平均下降約1.7-1.8 毫米。

 

Table 3 shows that the age-adjusted regression slopes for systolic and diastolic BP on potassium intake are similar for men and women. Every 10 mmol increase in potassium intake is associated with an average decrease of about 1.7 to 1.8 mm systolic pressure.

 

②飲食變量包括蛋白質(zhì)、脂昉、碳水化合物、熱卡、酒精和鈣（男性）。

Dietary variables are protein, fat, carbohydrate, calories, alcohol, and calcium (in men).

③數(shù)據(jù)以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差（SD)表示；

Data are presented as mean SD.

④MI:心肌梗死

MI indicates myocardial infarction.