現(xiàn)病史主要記載當(dāng)前疾病的發(fā)生時間、經(jīng)過、發(fā)病方式、可能病因與誘因、嚴(yán)重程度、發(fā)作頻率、進展情況、治療情況等。該部分涉及到疾病癥狀，除了使用普通詞匯和普通醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯外，還常用一些醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語。現(xiàn)病史一般用陳述句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成吋、一般過去時和過去完成時表迖。現(xiàn)病史部分翻譯時的語言特點如下：

 

(1)形容詞

①緩慢、逐漸：slow，chronic, gradual(ly), increasingly

②突然：sudden(ly), abrupt(ly), fulminant, explosive, acute, sub-acute, all of a sudden

③頻度：occasional(ly). accidental(ly), often, frequent, recurrent, relapsing, 持續(xù)的 persistent,間歇性 intermittent，一過

 

性的transient，transitory

④程度：輕微的mild,中等稈度的moderate, medium-degreed,嚴(yán)重的severe, serious,可忍受的bearable.無法忍受的unbearable

⑤性質(zhì)、意義：局部的local,全身性的generalized,明顯的apparent, clear, obvious, definite, distinct, 隱約可見的 indistinct, 

 

insidious,有(無)癥狀的 (un)symptomatic, (a)symptomatic (不）發(fā)燒的（a)febrile

 

(2)名同

①起病、發(fā)作：attack, onset, episodes, seizure, spell, bout

②疾病變化progress, (dis) appearance， recurrence, relapse, aggravation, exacerbation, abatement, improvement, worsening

③相關(guān)、先后：relation, correlation, association, coincidence

 

(3)動詞

①起病、疾病發(fā)作：appear, develop, start, begin with, occur, be present

②疾病變化：消失disappear，緩和abate, 緩解relieved，改善improved, 好轉(zhuǎn)better, improving, 惡化worsen, 加劇 aggravate, 

 

exacerbate, 消退（減輕) subside, 持續(xù) persist, 減少 decrease, decline

③與…有關(guān)、并發(fā)、先后順序、對照:relate, associate, accompany，precede, follow, coincide

 

(4)以病人做主語的句型

①開始有…的癥狀：start having...，如:

He started having headaches.

②開始發(fā)生…的癥狀/疾?。篵egin having episodes of…，如：

She began having episodes of cardiac tachycardia.

③變得…: become... 如：

He became breathless / emaciated / easily exhausted.

④注意到：notice (perceive, note, recognize …）+癥狀 / 疾病，如：

On Sunday morning he perceived that his sputum was streaked with blood.

⑤有…癥狀/疾病：have…，如：

He had high blood pressure for three years,

⑥突然患：have abrupt onset of...，如：

He had an abrupt onset of colic pain in his right quadrant.

⑦患；have episode of ... / have attack of …，如：

He had two episodes of pneumonia.

She had an episode of cercbral hemorrhage last year.

⑧出現(xiàn)/有了...癥狀/疾?。篸evelop +癥狀/疾病，如：

He suddenly developed a sharp pain in his right upper quadrant of the abdomen.