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until和till作為連接詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,通常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu),相應(yīng)的翻譯方法也有兩種,翻譯時(shí)需要注意兩種譯法的詞序。
1. 主句為肯定句時(shí),until或till引導(dǎo)的從句一般譯為“直到……(為止)”或“在…… 以前”等。如:
* This sound keeps going until it hits a new layer of mud or soil.
這種聲音繼續(xù)傳播,直到碰到新的泥層或土層。
* Until the twentieth century man used water, wood and fossil fuels as sources of power.
在20世紀(jì)以前,人們使用水、木材和礦物燃料作能源。
* The development stage lasts as long as it needs to, until the working device has?been constructed and tested.
研制階段持續(xù)的時(shí)間根據(jù)需要可長(zhǎng)可短,直至運(yùn)行裝置得以建造和試驗(yàn)為止。
2. 如果主句為否定句,一般應(yīng)譯為“(直)到……后……才”或“在……以前……不” 等。如:
* Crystal making did not become a serious business until 1902.
直到1902年,晶體制造才成為一個(gè)重要的行業(yè)。
* People have no idea of what radioactivity was until Madame Curie discovered radium.
在居里夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳以前,人們并不了解放射性。
* It was not until the invention of the high-altitude rocket that the direct exploration of the upper atmosphere became possible.
直到發(fā)明了高空火箭之后,直接探索上層大氣才成為可能。
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