經(jīng)濟(jì)法。經(jīng)濟(jì)法是調(diào)整國家從社會(huì)整體利益出發(fā)，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)實(shí)行干預(yù)、管理或者調(diào)控所產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范。經(jīng)濟(jì)法為國家對(duì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行適度干預(yù)和宏觀調(diào)控提供法律手段和制度框架，防止市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的自發(fā)性和盲目性所導(dǎo)致的弊端。截至2011年8月底，中國已制定經(jīng)濟(jì)法方面的法律60部和一大批相關(guān)行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)。
中國制定了預(yù)算法、價(jià)格法、中國人民銀行法等法律，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)實(shí)施宏觀調(diào)控和管理；制定了企業(yè)所得稅法、個(gè)人所得稅法、車船稅法、稅收征收管理法等法律，以及增值稅暫行條例、營業(yè)稅暫行條例、城市維護(hù)建設(shè)稅暫行條例等行政法規(guī)，不斷健全稅收制度；制定了銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理法、反洗錢法等法律，對(duì)金融行業(yè)的安全運(yùn)行實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理；制定了農(nóng)業(yè)法、種子法、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全法等法律，保障農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和國家糧食安全；制定了鐵路法、公路法、民用航空法、電力法等法律，對(duì)重要行業(yè)實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理和產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)；制定了土地管理法、森林法、水法、礦產(chǎn)資源法等法律，規(guī)范重要自然資源的合理開發(fā)和利用；制定了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法等法律，促進(jìn)能源的有效利用和可再生能源開發(fā)。
Economic laws. Economic laws are a collection of laws and regulations which adjust social and economic relations arising from the state's intervening in, managing and regulating economic activities for the society's overall interests. They provide legal devices and an institutional framework for the state to conduct appropriate intervention in, and macro control of the market economy, thereby preventing malpractices resulting from spontaneous and blind operation of the market economy. By the end of August 2011 China had formulated 60 economic laws and a large number of related administrative and local regulations.
China has enacted the Budget Law, Price Law, and Law on the People's Bank of China to exercise macro-control and management over economic activities. It has formulated the Law on Corporate Income Tax, Individual Income Tax Law, Law on Vehicle and Vessel Taxation, Law on the Administration of Tax Collection, Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax, Provisional Regulations on Business Tax, and Provisional Regulations on City Maintenance and Construction Tax to improve the taxation system. It has enacted the Law on Regulation and Supervision of the Banking Industry, and Law on Anti-Money Laundering to supervise and regulate the banking industry to ensure its safe operation. It has enacted the Agriculture Law, Seed Law, and Law on Agricultural Product Quality and Safety to guarantee agricultural development and food safety of the country. It has formulated the Railway Law, Highway Law, Civil Aviation Law, and Electric Power Law to supervise and administer key industries and promote their development. It has formulated the Land Administration Law, Forest Law, Water Law, and Mineral Resources Law to regulate the rational exploitation and utilization of important natural resources. It has enacted the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, and Law on the Promotion of Clean Production to promote the effective utilization of energy and development of renewable energy.
中國重視通過法律保障市場(chǎng)主體之間的公平、有序競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法是中國由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌時(shí)期制定的一部重要法律，借鑒國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，規(guī)定禁止仿冒、商業(yè)賄賂、虛假宣傳、侵犯商業(yè)秘密、不正當(dāng)有獎(jiǎng)銷售、詆毀競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手等不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為，維護(hù)經(jīng)營者公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的權(quán)益。價(jià)格法規(guī)定國家實(shí)行并逐步完善宏觀調(diào)控下主要由市場(chǎng)形成價(jià)格的機(jī)制，大多數(shù)商品和服務(wù)實(shí)行市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)，極少數(shù)商品和服務(wù)實(shí)行政府指導(dǎo)價(jià)或者政府定價(jià)。反壟斷法對(duì)壟斷協(xié)議、濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位、排除、限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)營者集中等壟斷行為作了禁止性規(guī)定。中國依法對(duì)財(cái)稅、金融、外匯、投資等體制進(jìn)行改革，建立了與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)的宏觀管理體系。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程取得了舉世矚目的成就。
中國積極履行在世界貿(mào)易組織框架內(nèi)承擔(dān)的義務(wù)，不斷完善對(duì)外貿(mào)易法律制度，確立了社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的對(duì)外貿(mào)易體制，規(guī)范了對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，健全了貨物進(jìn)出口、技術(shù)進(jìn)出口和國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易管理制度，建立了具有中國特色的對(duì)外貿(mào)易調(diào)查制度和對(duì)外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)體制，并根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)則完善了貿(mào)易救濟(jì)制度以及海關(guān)監(jiān)管和進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)檢疫制度，確立了統(tǒng)一、透明的對(duì)外貿(mào)易制度。中國對(duì)外貿(mào)易快速增長，進(jìn)出口總額在世界貿(mào)易中的地位不斷提升。2010年中國出口占世界出口的比重達(dá)10.4%。
China stresses the use of laws to safeguard fair and orderly competition among market players. The Anti-Unfair Competition Law is an important law formulated by China during its transition from the planned economy to the market economy. By drawing lessons from other countries, it makes provisions to forbid counterfeiting, commercial bribery, false publicity, infringement on trade secrets, unfair lottery-attached sales and vilifying competitors to safeguard the rights and interests of commercial operators and enable them to compete fairly and justly. The Price Law stipulates that the state institutes and gradually improves a mechanism under which prices are formed mainly by the market under the state's macro-economic control. The prices of most commodities and services shall be regulated by the market while the prices of a very small number of commodities and services shall be guided or fixed by the government. The Anti-Monopoly Law has prohibitive provisions on monopolistic agreements, abuse of dominant market positions, and concentration of business operators that eliminates or restricts competition. China has carried out reforms to its fiscal, taxation, banking, foreign exchange and investment systems, establishing a macro-management system suited to the market economy. Remarkable achievements have been made in the deregulation of markets within the Chinese economy.
China actively discharges its obligations within the framework of the WTO, constantly improves its legal system regarding foreign trade, and has established a foreign trade system suited to the socialist market economy. It has clearly defined the rights and obligations of those engaged in foreign trade, and has improved the system of managing import and export of goods, technologies and the international service trade. It has established a foreign trade survey and promotion system with Chinese characteristics. In the light of WTO rules, China has improved its trade remedy system, customs supervision, and import and export commodity inspection and quarantine system, and established a unified and transparent foreign trade system. China's foreign trade has been expanding rapidly, and the ratio of its total export-import volume to the international trade volumes keeps rising. In 2010 the ratio of China's exports in the world's total was 10.4 percent.
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