社會(huì)法。社會(huì)法是調(diào)整勞動(dòng)關(guān)系、社會(huì)保障、社會(huì)福利和特殊群體權(quán)益保障等方面的法律規(guī)范，遵循公平和諧和國家適度干預(yù)原則，通過國家和社會(huì)積極履行責(zé)任，對(duì)勞動(dòng)者、失業(yè)者、喪失勞動(dòng)能力的人以及其他需要扶助的特殊人群的權(quán)益提供必要的保障，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。截至2011年8月底，中國已制定社會(huì)法方面的法律18件和一大批規(guī)范勞動(dòng)關(guān)系和社會(huì)保障的行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)。
中國制定了勞動(dòng)法，將勞動(dòng)關(guān)系以及與勞動(dòng)關(guān)系密切聯(lián)系的勞動(dòng)保護(hù)、勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)以及勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議、勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察等關(guān)系納入調(diào)整范圍，確立了中國的基本勞動(dòng)制度；制定了礦山安全法、職業(yè)病防治法、安全生產(chǎn)法等法律，對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)、職業(yè)病預(yù)防等事項(xiàng)作了規(guī)定，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益的保護(hù)；制定了勞動(dòng)合同法、就業(yè)促進(jìn)法和勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議調(diào)解仲裁法，建立健全了適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的勞動(dòng)合同、促進(jìn)就業(yè)和解決勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議的制度；制定了紅十字會(huì)法、公益事業(yè)捐贈(zèng)法和基金會(huì)管理?xiàng)l例等法律法規(guī)，建立健全了促進(jìn)社會(huì)公益事業(yè)發(fā)展和管理的制度；制定了工會(huì)法，并先后兩次進(jìn)行修訂，確定了工會(huì)在國家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活中的地位，明確了工會(huì)的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，對(duì)工會(huì)依法維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的合法權(quán)益發(fā)揮了積極作用。
中國重視社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)，制定了社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)法，確立了覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)全體居民的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)體系，建立了基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)五項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn)制度，保障公民在年老、患病、工傷、失業(yè)、生育等情況下，能夠獲得必要的物質(zhì)幫助和生活保障；明確基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金逐步實(shí)行全國統(tǒng)籌，其他社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)基金逐步實(shí)行省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌；規(guī)定了勞動(dòng)者在不同統(tǒng)籌地區(qū)就業(yè)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)制度。國務(wù)院還制定了失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)條例、工傷保險(xiǎn)條例和社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)征繳暫行條例、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)工作條例等行政法規(guī)，并決定建立新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度，對(duì)推動(dòng)社會(huì)保障制度建設(shè)，發(fā)揮了重要作用。社會(huì)保障制度的逐步確立，為中國政府依法加快社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平，構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)，提供了法制保障。目前，中國的社會(huì)保障覆蓋面越來越大，逐步從國有企業(yè)擴(kuò)大到各類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)組織，從單位職工擴(kuò)大到靈活就業(yè)人員和居民，從城鎮(zhèn)擴(kuò)大到農(nóng)村。截至2010年底，城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度覆蓋2.57億人，比2002年增加了約1.7倍；新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度覆蓋了1.03億人；城鄉(xiāng)基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋12.6億人，是2002年的13倍；工傷保險(xiǎn)參保1.61億人；失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、生育保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面也迅速擴(kuò)大。國務(wù)院還制定了城市生活無著的流浪乞討人員救助管理辦法、法律援助條例、自然災(zāi)害救助條例、城市居民最低生活保障條例等行政法規(guī)，并決定建立農(nóng)村最低生活保障制度，中國覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)救助體系已基本建立。截至2010年底，中國共有7700萬困難群眾享受最低生活保障待遇。中國社會(huì)保障的水平不斷提高，人民群眾切實(shí)共享發(fā)展成果。
Social laws. China's social laws are the collection of laws and regulations with respect to the adjustment of labor relations, social security, social welfare and protection of the rights and interests of special groups. It follows the principle of justice, harmony and appropriate state intervention. By performing their duties, the state and society provide necessary protection for the rights and interests of laborers, the unemployed, the incapacitated for work, as well as other special groups in need of help so as to safeguard social equity and promote social harmony. By the end of August 2011, China had enacted 18 laws in this particular field and a large number of administrative and local regulations to regulate labor relations and social security.
China's Labor Law deals with labor relations and other relationships closely related to them, such as labor protection, labor safety and hygiene, occupational training, labor disputes and labor supervision, thus establishing China's basic labor system. China has enacted the Law on Mine Safety, Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and Production Safety Law and some other laws, making provisions for safe production and prevention of occupational diseases, and strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of laborers. It has enacted the Labor Contract Law, Employment Promotion Law, and Law on Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration, thus establishing and improving the system, which is suited to the socialist market economy, of labor contract, employment promotion and labor dispute settlement. It has enacted the Red Cross Society Law, Law on Donation for Public Welfare Undertakings and Regulations on Foundation Administration, thereby establishing and improving the system that promotes the development and administration of public welfare undertakings. It has formulated the Trade Union Law and revised it twice, defining the status of trade unions in the country's political, economic and social life, clarifying the rights and obligations of trade unions, and playing an active role in safeguarding laborers' legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.
China attaches importance to the building of its social security system. It has enacted the Social Insurance Law, established a social insurance system which covers both rural and urban residents, basic endowment insurance, basic health insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance, guaranteeing that all citizens can get necessary material aid and living allowances when they get old, sick, injured or unemployed, or give birth. It stipulates that the basic endowment funds should be managed at the national level, and other social insurance funds managed at the provincial level. It has set up a system for the inter-regional transfer of laborers' social security. The State Council has enacted the Regulations on Unemployment Insurance, Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance, Provisional Regulations on Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, and Regulations on the Work Regarding the Rural Five Guarantees. It has decided to establish a new rural endowment insurance and new rural cooperative health care system. They all play an important role in promoting the building of a social security system. The gradual establishment of the social security system provides legal guarantee for the Chinese government to accelerate the building of the social security network in accordance with the law, safeguard social equality and build a harmonious society. At present, the coverage of China's social security is expanding from state-owned enterprises to various social and economic organizations, from workers and staff members of organizations to self-employed people and other residents, and from the urban areas to the rural areas. By the end of 2010 the endowment insurance system of urban workers covered 257 million people, an increase of 1.7 times compared with 2002, and the new rural endowment insurance system covered 103 million people. The basic health insurance for rural and urban residents covered 1.26 billion people, 13 times the number in 2002. Work-related injury insurance covered 161 million people. The coverage of unemployment insurance and maternity insurance is also expanding rapidly. The State Council has also formulated the Measures for Assisting Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Support in Cities, Regulations on Legal Aid, Regulations on Natural Disaster Relief, and Regulations on Minimum Subsistence Allowance for Urban Residents, and has decided to set up a minimum subsistence allowance program for rural residents, thus basically establishing a social relief system covering both urban and rural areas. By the end of 2010 some 77 million residents with financial difficulties in China received minimum subsistence allowance. The level of China's social security is constantly improving, and people are sharing the fruits of development.
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