這種轉(zhuǎn)換多半是因為,把原句直接譯作被動結(jié)構(gòu)不合乎漢語表達習(xí)慣,或帶有很重的翻譯腔;用漢語主動句或某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(如“使……”、“把……”等)來表達則要通順得多。在譯出的漢語句子當(dāng)中,原文的主語自然變成了賓語,而譯文的主語(即施事方)或是原文中巳有的(如例12),或是根據(jù)上下文添加的特指代詞(如例13)和泛指名詞 (如例 14、15):
例12. Americans are cushioned against rising commodity prices bv the strong dollar.
美元的堅挺減緩了商品價格上漲給美國人造成的壓力。
例13. They must be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of our people.
(我們)必須提醒他們,和平是我國人民的最高愿望。
例14. New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these
plans.
新西蘭對此事ー無所知,也無人同它商討過這些計劃。
例15. It is generally considered that knowledge is power.
人們普遍認(rèn)為,知識就是力量。
例15的原文和譯文中的說法分別在英文和中文新聞報導(dǎo)與學(xué)術(shù)刊物中經(jīng)常使用,如:
It was told that......有人曾經(jīng)說過......
It is sometimes asked that...... 人們有時會問......
It is well known that......眾所周知......
It is claimed that......有人宣稱......