三、舉世矚目的偉大成就
和平解放60年來，在中央人民政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和全國各族人民大力支持下，經(jīng)過西藏各族人民艱苦奮斗，西藏實現(xiàn)了由封建農(nóng)奴制度到社會主義制度、由封閉貧窮落后到開放富裕文明的兩大“歷史性跨越”，在各方面取得了舉世矚目的偉大成就。
(一)政治建設(shè)成就斐然，社會制度實現(xiàn)歷史跨越
III. Historic Achievements That Capture World Attention
In the 60 years since its peaceful liberation in 1951, Tibet, under the leadership of the Central People’s Government and with the support of people of all ethnic groups in China, and with the hard work of all ethnic groups in the autonomous region, has fulfilled two historic leaps from a society of feudal serfdom to one of socialism, and from a state of isolation, poverty and backwardness to one of opening, prosperity and civilization, scoring historic achievements in various undertakings that caught world attention.
1. Tibet has scored brilliant political achievements and made historic changes in its social system.
和平解放以來，西藏廢除了封建農(nóng)奴制度，實行了民族區(qū)域自治制度，建立了人民民主的社會主義制度。昔日的農(nóng)奴和奴隸從此成為國家和社會的主人，不僅享有了平等參與管理國家事務(wù)的權(quán)利，而且享有了自主管理本地區(qū)、本民族事務(wù)的政治權(quán)利。在2007年舉行的西藏自治區(qū)、地(市)、縣、鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民代表大會代表的選舉中，參選率達到96.4%。經(jīng)過直接和間接選舉產(chǎn)生的34000多名四級人大代表中，藏族和其他少數(shù)民族占94%以上。在全國人大代表中，西藏自治區(qū)有20名代表，其中藏族公民12名，門巴族、珞巴族公民各1名。西藏各階層和各界人士還通過參與各級人民政治協(xié)商會議，參政議政，行使民主權(quán)利?，F(xiàn)有多名西藏民族、宗教界人士是全國政協(xié)委員。中國人民政治協(xié)商會議西藏委員會于1959年成立以來，歷屆委員中的絕大多數(shù)是藏族和其他少數(shù)民族人士。
民族區(qū)域自治在法制化的軌道上不斷推進。西藏自治區(qū)成立以來，先后制定了279件地方性法規(guī)和具有法規(guī)性質(zhì)的決議、決定，內(nèi)容涉及民主政治、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、文化教育、語言文字、人民司法、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、文物保護、野生動植物和自然資源保護、環(huán)境保護等各個方面。現(xiàn)已建立起以自治條例和單行條例為骨干的地方性自治法規(guī)體系，為維護西藏各族人民在政治、經(jīng)濟和社會生活各方面的權(quán)益，促進地方經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，提供了重要的法律保障。這些法制建設(shè)成果具有鮮明的西藏地方特點，其中包括《西藏自治區(qū)立法條例》、《西藏自治區(qū)各級人民代表大會選舉實施細則》、《西藏自治區(qū)學(xué)習(xí)、使用和發(fā)展藏語文的決定》、《關(guān)于維護祖國統(tǒng)一、加強民族團結(jié)、反對分裂活動的決議》、《西藏自治區(qū)文物保護管理條例》和《西藏自治區(qū)環(huán)境保護條例》等等。
Since its peaceful liberation Tibet has abolished feudal serf-dom, implemented regional ethnic autonomy and established socialism featuring people’s democracy. The former serfs and slaves have since become masters of their own country and society. They enjoy both the right to equally participate in the administration of state affairs and the right to handle local and ethnic affairs on their own. In the elections of people’s con-gresses at the autonomous regional, prefectural (municipal), county and township (town) levels in 2007, 96.4 percent of the eligible residents participated in the electoral process. Of the more than 34,000 deputies directly or indirectly elected to the people’s congresses at the aforementioned four levels, more than 94 percent were members of the Tibetan or other ethnic minorities. Of the deputies to the current National People’s Congress, 20 are from Tibet, including 12 Tibetans, one Monba and one Lhoba. People from all walks of life in Tibet also attend the people’s political consultative conferences at various levels to participate in the deliberation and administration of state af-fairs, and to exercise their democratic rights. Among the deputies to the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, quite a number of them are Tibetans and a few are from the Tibetan religious circle. Since the founding of the Tibet People’s Political Consultative Conference in 1959, an overwhelming part of the members have been Ti-betans or members of other ethnic minorities.
Regional ethnic autonomy has constantly been institutiona-lized. Statistics show that since 1965 the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region has enacted 279 local regulations, resolutions and decisions with legal effect, which cover political power buildup, economic development, culture and education, spoken and written languages, justice, medical care and public health, relics protection, protection of wild animals and plants, protection of natural resources, and environmental protection. Now Tibet has established a legal regime of local autonomy, with autonomy-related regulations and separate regulations as the mainstay, protecting the special rights and interests of the people in Tibet in the areas of politics, economy and social life, and promoting the development of various local undertakings. These regulations have distinctive local features. They include the Regulations on Legislation of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Implementing Rules for Election of Deputies to the People’s Congresses at Various Levels in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Resolutions on the Study, Use and Development of the Tibetan Language in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Resolutions on Maintaining National Unification, Enhancing Ethnic Solidarity and Opposing Secessionist Activities, Regulations of the Tibet Autonomous Region on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics, and Regulations of the Tibet Autonomous Region on Environmental Protection.
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