藏族和其他少數(shù)民族干部是西藏自治區(qū)干部的主體，是建設(shè)西藏、發(fā)展西藏的骨干力量。西藏自治區(qū)成立以來，歷任自治區(qū)人大常委會主任和人民政府主席均是藏族公民。全區(qū)干部隊伍中，藏族及其他少數(shù)民族占70.3%，其中縣鄉(xiāng)兩級主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中，藏族和其他少數(shù)民族占81.6%。目前，西藏自治區(qū)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員達(dá)到5.4萬人，少數(shù)民族技術(shù)人員占76.8%左右。
(二)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，人民生活得到大幅改善
Cadres of the Tibetan and other ethnic minorities constitute the main body of cadres in Tibet and the backbone of the con-struction and development of the region. Since the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965, all chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress and all governors of the People’s Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region have been Tibetan citizens. Cadres of the Tibetan and other ethnic minorities account for 70.3 percent of the total at the autonomous regional level and 81.6 percent at the county and township levels. At present, Tibet has 54,000 specialized tech-nical personnel, among whom 76.8 percent are from ethnic minorities.
2. The local people’s living standards have been greatly improved along with leapfrog economic development.
和平解放前，西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)長期停滯不前，百業(yè)凋零，民不聊生。和平解放以來，西藏走上了跨越式發(fā)展的道路。為推動西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，中央政府根據(jù)西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的實際，制定了許多特殊優(yōu)惠政策，涉及金融、財稅、投資、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、農(nóng)牧業(yè)和農(nóng)牧區(qū)、環(huán)保、教育、衛(wèi)生、科技、文化、體育等各個方面，并在財力、物力、人力上給予大力支持和幫助。中央財政沒有從西藏拿走一分錢，反而不斷加大對西藏的財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度，1952-2010年中央對西藏的財力補助達(dá)3000億元，年均增長22.4%。60年來，中央對西藏的直接投資超過1600多億元，在不同時期相繼安排了43項、62項、117項、188項等一大批關(guān)系西藏長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和人民生活的重大工程項目，相繼建成了公路、鐵路、機場、通信、能源等一批重點基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，極大地改善了西藏的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和人民生產(chǎn)生活條件。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，1994-2010年，對口援藏省市、中央國家機關(guān)及中央企業(yè)分6批共支援西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)社會建設(shè)項目4393個，總投資133億元，共選派4742名優(yōu)秀干部支援西藏。
在中央政府的大力扶持和全國各地支援下，西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)實現(xiàn)了歷史性跨越。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，1959-2010年，西藏全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資累計完成2751億元，年均增幅達(dá)到15%以上，其中1994-2010年，全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資累計2643億元，年均增幅達(dá)到20%以上。1951年西藏地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值僅有1.29億元，2010年達(dá)到507.46億元，按可比價格計算增長111.8倍，年均增長8.3%。其中，1994年以來，西藏地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值連續(xù)18年達(dá)到兩位數(shù)增長，年均增速達(dá)12%?！笆晃濉逼陂g(2006年-2010年)，西藏地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值先后跨上300億元、400億元、500億元三大臺階。2010年，西藏自治區(qū)人均生產(chǎn)總值為17319元，地方財政一般預(yù)算收入達(dá)到36.65億元，連續(xù)8年保持20%以上的增長。
Before the peaceful liberation, the economy in Tibet was in a state of stagnation, and the masses lived in dire poverty. Since the peaceful liberation, however, the economy has leaped for-ward with each passing day. To boost local economic and social growth, the central government has adopted a series of preferential policies for Tibet in such areas as banking, finance and taxation, investment, infrastructure construction, industrial development, farming and animal husbandry, environmental protection, education, public health, science and technology, culture and physical education, and has rendered Tibet strong support in terms of finance, materials and manpower. The cen-tral government has never taken a cent from Tibet, but constantly increased the allotment in the central budget for Tibet. In the period from 1952 to 2010, the central government sent a total of 300 billion yuan to Tibet as financial subsidies, with an annual growth rate of 22.4 percent. Over the past 60 years the central government has allocated more than 160 billion yuan in direct investment to Tibet and approved at different periods 43, 62, 117 and 188 major projects respectively concerning Tibet’s long-term development and its people’s livelihood. Highways, railways, airports, telecommunications facilities, energy and other key infrastructural projects have been completed one after another, thus greatly improving Tibet’s infrastructure and its people’s living and production conditions. Statistics show that from 1994 to 2010 state departments, provincial and municipal governments, and state-owned enterprises involved in the paired-up support program launched 4,393 aid projects in six batches, with a total of 13.3 billion yuan in aid funds and 4,742 cadres from across the country dispatched to work in Tibet.
Thanks to the care of the Central Authorities and the support of the whole nation, Tibet has witnessed a historic leap in its economic and social development. From 1959 to 2010 fixed assets investment in the region totaled 275.1 billion yuan, regis-tering an average annual growth of over 15 percent. The figure was 264.3 billion yuan from 1994 to 2010, and the annual growth rate in that period was more than 20 percent. The local GDP soared from 129 million yuan in 1951 to 50.746 billion yuan in 2010, a 111.8-fold increase or an average annual growth of 8.3 percent at comparable prices. Since 1994 the local GDP has grown at an annual rate of 12 percent, registering double-digit growth for 18 years in a run. During the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) Tibet’s GDP exceeded 30, 40 and 50 billion yuan successively. In 2010 the per-capita GDP was 17,319 yuan, and the local budgetary receipts reached 3.665 billion yuan, showing an average annual growth of over 20 percent for eight consecutive years.
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