中國不斷加大在農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的援助力度。近年來，糧食安全問題成為國際社會高度關(guān)注的全球性問題。為此，中國采取了一系列對外援助舉措。如，在2010年聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)高級別會議上，中國政府承諾在未來5年內(nèi)為發(fā)展中國家建立30個農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、派遣3000名農(nóng)業(yè)專家和技術(shù)人員，為發(fā)展中國家提供5000個來華農(nóng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)名額等。
截至2009年底，中國共幫助發(fā)展中國家建成221個農(nóng)業(yè)援助項目，其中農(nóng)場35個、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)實驗站和推廣站47個、牧業(yè)項目11個、漁業(yè)項目15個、農(nóng)田水利工程47個、其他農(nóng)業(yè)項目66個。此外，中國還提供了大量農(nóng)機設(shè)備等農(nóng)用物資。
China has been increasing its aid for agriculture and grain production in particular. In recent years, food security has become a global issue, and China has adopted a series of measures to address this problem in its foreign aid. For instance, at the UN High-Level Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals in 2010, China pledged to establish 30 demonstration centers for agricultural technologies in other developing countries, dispatch 3,000 agricultural experts and technicians to these countries, and invite 5,000 agricultural personnel from these countries to China for training.
By the end of 2009, China had aided 221 agricultural projects in other developing countries — 35 farms, 47 agro-technology experi-ment and promotion stations, 11 animal husbandry projects, 15 fisheries projects, 47 farmland irrigation and water-conservancy projects, and 66 other types of agricultural projects. On top of that, China had provided a large amount of agricultural equipment and materials to them.
工業(yè)
工業(yè)援助在中國對外援助初期占據(jù)重要地位。20世紀(jì)50年代至70年代，中國幫助許多剛獨立的亞非國家建設(shè)了一批工業(yè)項目，奠定了受援國工業(yè)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，不少項目填補了受援國民族工業(yè)的空白。工業(yè)援助在70年代發(fā)展較為迅速，一度成為中國成套項目援助的重要內(nèi)容之一。從80年代中后期開始，許多發(fā)展中國家企業(yè)私有化進程加快，中國對這一領(lǐng)域的援助逐步減少。中國援建的工業(yè)項目對于促進受援國生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，增加就業(yè)和稅收，繁榮市場發(fā)揮了積極作用。截至2009年底，中國共幫助發(fā)展中國家建成688個工業(yè)生產(chǎn)性項目，涉及輕工、紡織、機械、化工、冶金、電子、建材、能源等多個行業(yè)。敘利亞哈馬棉紡織廠、盧旺達水泥廠、秘魯水泥廠、緬甸農(nóng)機廠、剛果(布)水泥廠等一批項目一直保持盈利，并雇用大量當(dāng)?shù)貑T工，產(chǎn)生了良好的經(jīng)濟和社會效益。
經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
Industry
Industrial aid was an important part of China’s foreign aid in its early stage. From the 1950s to the 1970s, China helped many new-ly-independent Asian and African countries undertake a number of industrial projects. These projects, many of them first ever of their kind in these countries, laid the foundation for their industrial development. Industrial aid increased rapidly in the 1970s, con-stituting an important part of China’s complete projects aid to other countries at that time. Since the mid-1980s, China gradually reduced its aid in this regard, as many developing countries stepped up privatization in the industrial sector. The industrial projects established with China’s help have played an active role in promoting production and economic development, creating jobs, increasing tax revenues and invigorating markets in the recipient countries. By the end of 2009, China had helped developing countries construct 688 industrial production projects, covering light, textile, machinery, chemical, metallurgical, electronic, construction materials, and energy industries. Of these, the Hama Textile Mill in Syria, the Cement Factory in Rwanda, the Rioja Cement Factory in Peru, the Agriculture Machinery Factory in Myanmar and the Loutété Cement Factory in the Republic of Congo are always profitable. They employ a large number of local people and yield sound economic and social benefits.
Economic Infrastructure
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