中國逐步增加應(yīng)對氣候變化領(lǐng)域的援助。近年來，隨著全球氣候變化問題日益嚴(yán)峻，中國進(jìn)一步拓展相關(guān)援助范圍。中國與突尼斯、幾內(nèi)亞、瓦努阿圖、古巴等國家開展沼氣技術(shù)合作，為喀麥隆、布隆迪、幾內(nèi)亞等國援建水力發(fā)電設(shè)施，與蒙古、黎巴嫩、摩洛哥、巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞等國開展太陽能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電方面的合作。此外，中國還為發(fā)展中國家舉辦清潔能源和應(yīng)對氣候變化相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)，2000年至2009年，共舉辦50期培訓(xùn)班，培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容涉及沼氣、太陽能、小水電等可再生能源開發(fā)利用、林業(yè)管理、防沙治沙等，1400多名來自發(fā)展中國家的學(xué)員來華參加了培訓(xùn)。
五、對外援助管理
中國對外援助的決策權(quán)集中于中央政府。自1950年以來，隨著對外關(guān)系和對外援助工作的發(fā)展，中國政府管理對外援助的各級機(jī)構(gòu)逐步建立和健全，項目管理力度不斷加強(qiáng)。
China has steadily increased aid in coping with climate change. In recent years, as the problem of global warming has been getting worse, China has expanded the scope of relevant aid to other countries. China has carried out cooperation with Tunisia, Guinea, Vanuatu and Cuba in utilizing bio-gas, assisted in the building of hydropower stations in Cameroon, Burundi and Guinea, and cooperated with Mongolia, Lebanon, Morocco and Papua New Guinea in exploring solar energy and building wind-power stations. In addition, China has held training courses on clean energy sources and climate change for other developing countries. From 2000 to 2009, China held 50 training workshops attended by more than 1,400 people from other developing countries on the development and use of renewable resources such as bio-gas, solar energy, and small hydropower stations, as well as forestry management, and de-sertification treatment and prevention.
V. Management of Foreign Aid
The decision-making power in China regarding foreign aid lies with the central government. Ever since the 1950s, with the development of foreign relations and foreign aid, agencies at various levels of the Chinese government responsible for the management of foreign aid have been gradually established and improved, and management of projects has been gradually strengthened.
商務(wù)部是中國國務(wù)院授權(quán)的政府對外援助主管部門，負(fù)責(zé)擬定對外援助政策、規(guī)章、總體規(guī)劃和年度計劃，審批各類援外項目并對項目實施進(jìn)行全過程管理。商務(wù)部所屬國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作事務(wù)局、國際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)交流中心和國際商務(wù)官員研修學(xué)院分別受托管理援外成套項目和技術(shù)合作項目、物資項目以及培訓(xùn)項目的具體實施。中國進(jìn)出口銀行負(fù)責(zé)優(yōu)惠貸款項目評估以及貸款發(fā)放和回收等管理。中國駐外使(領(lǐng))館負(fù)責(zé)中國對駐在國援助項目的一線協(xié)調(diào)和管理。地方商務(wù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)配合商務(wù)部，負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)助辦理管轄地有關(guān)對外援助的具體事務(wù)。
在開展對外援助工作時，中國各相關(guān)政府部門保持密切聯(lián)系和協(xié)作。商務(wù)部在制訂國別援助方案和對外援助資金計劃時，與外交部、財政部和中國進(jìn)出口銀行進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性溝通并充分征求上述部門意見。國務(wù)院其他一些部門負(fù)責(zé)或參與部分專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的對外援助工作的管理。為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)各部門間的協(xié)調(diào)，2008年，商務(wù)部會同外交部、財政部等有關(guān)部門和機(jī)構(gòu)，正式成立對外援助部際聯(lián)系機(jī)制。2011年2月，部際聯(lián)系機(jī)制升級為部際協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。
The Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China is the administrative department authorized by the State Council to oversee foreign aid. It is responsible for the formulation of foreign aid policies, regulations, overall and annual plans, examination and approval of foreign aid projects and management of the project execution. The Executive Bureau of International Economic Cooperation, China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, and Academy of International Business Officials affiliated to the Ministry of Commerce are entrusted with tasks of managing the implementation of complete projects and technical cooperation projects, material aid projects and training programs connected with China’s foreign aid. The Export-Import Bank of China is responsible for the assessment of projects with concessional loans, and the allocation and recovery of loans. Chinese embassies or consulates abroad are in charge of the direct coordination and management of foreign aid projects in the relevant countries. The local commercial administration departments are required to cooperate with the Ministry of Commerce to deal with affairs related to foreign aid within its jurisdiction.
In providing foreign aid, the related departments of the Chinese government keep in close contact and cooperate with each other. In drafting foreign aid programs and foreign aid funds plans for each country, the Ministry of Commerce communicates regularly with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance and the Export-Import Bank of China to seek their suggestions. Some other departments of the State Council are responsible for or participate in the management of foreign aid programs that require better professional expertise. In order to strengthen the coordination of the departments concerned, the ministries of commerce, foreign affairs and finance officially established the country’s foreign aid inter-agency liaison mechanism in 2008. In February 2011, this liaison mechanism was upgraded into an inter-agency coordination mechanism.
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