公民對(duì)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和國(guó)家工作人員提出批評(píng)、建議、申訴、控告或者檢舉，是憲法賦予公民的監(jiān)督權(quán)利。在中國(guó)，公民通過(guò)檢舉、控告參與反腐敗的渠道是暢通的。中國(guó)政府設(shè)有專門的信訪機(jī)構(gòu)，受理公民提出的檢舉控告和意見(jiàn)建議。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨各級(jí)紀(jì)律檢查機(jī)關(guān)、國(guó)家檢察機(jī)關(guān)、政府監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)和審計(jì)機(jī)關(guān)等都建立了舉報(bào)制度，開通了舉報(bào)電話，設(shè)立了舉報(bào)網(wǎng)站，受理公民的檢舉和控告。對(duì)受理的舉報(bào)線索，相關(guān)部門依法依紀(jì)進(jìn)行調(diào)查或轉(zhuǎn)送有關(guān)部門處理。在鼓勵(lì)公民舉報(bào)腐敗案件的同時(shí)，國(guó)家重視維護(hù)舉報(bào)人的合法權(quán)益。中國(guó)的刑法、刑事訴訟法、行政監(jiān)察法等法律法規(guī)和中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨黨內(nèi)法規(guī)都對(duì)保護(hù)舉報(bào)人作了明確規(guī)定，對(duì)舉報(bào)人的有關(guān)情況予以保密，嚴(yán)禁泄露舉報(bào)人身份或者將舉報(bào)材料、舉報(bào)人情況透露給被舉報(bào)單位、被舉報(bào)人，對(duì)打擊報(bào)復(fù)舉報(bào)人的行為進(jìn)行懲處。
中國(guó)重視發(fā)揮輿論監(jiān)督的作用。依法保護(hù)報(bào)刊、電視、廣播等新聞媒體的采訪權(quán)和輿論監(jiān)督權(quán)，支持新聞媒體披露各種不正之風(fēng)和黨政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員中的違法違紀(jì)問(wèn)題。政府有關(guān)部門高度關(guān)注新聞媒體反映的問(wèn)題，積極回應(yīng)社會(huì)關(guān)切，及時(shí)提出解決辦法，改進(jìn)工作。近年來(lái)，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展和廣泛普及，網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)督日益成為一種反應(yīng)快、影響大、參與面廣的新興輿論監(jiān)督方式。中國(guó)高度重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督方面的積極作用，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)反腐倡廉輿情網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息收集、研判和處置工作，完善舉報(bào)網(wǎng)站法規(guī)制度建設(shè)，健全舉報(bào)網(wǎng)站受理機(jī)制及線索運(yùn)用和反饋制度，為公民利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)行使監(jiān)督權(quán)利提供便捷暢通的渠道。與此同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督的管理、引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范，維護(hù)輿論監(jiān)督的正常秩序，使輿論監(jiān)督在法制軌道上運(yùn)行。
The Constitution endows citizens with the rights to criticize, advise, appeal, lodge lawsuit against or impeach state organs and state functionaries. In China, the channel is unimpeded for citizens to be involved in the combat against corruption by means of im-peaching and lodging lawsuit. The governments at all levels in China have set up special organs to handle letters and calls of com-plaints as well as opinions, suggestions and accusations from the people. Discipline inspection organs of the CPC at all levels, state procuratorial organs, government supervisory organs and audit or-gans have all established the offence reporting system, opened up offence reporting hotlines and set up offence reporting websites to take reports of misconduct and complaints from the people. The relevant departments, according to laws and discipline, investigate or transfer the clues of reported cases to departments concerned. The state attaches great importance to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the informants while encouraging people to report on cases of corruption. Clear stipulations on protecting in-formants are provided in the Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law, Administrative Supervisory Law and intra-Party regulations of the CPC, ruling that the information about the informants must be kept confidential; disclosure of an informant’s identification is strictly banned; and punishment will be meted to anyone who dis-close an informant’s identification and conditions and/or the re-porting materials provided by the informant to the reported department or person, and anyone who retaliates on the informant.
China lays great store by supervision from public opinion. The right to interview and right to supervise through public opinion of news media, including newspapers, television and radio, are pro-tected by law. News media are encouraged to expose unhealthy tendencies of all kinds and violations of law and discipline by Party and government organs as well as their functionaries. The government departments pay great attention to problems reported in the media, actively respond to social concerns and work out so-lutions in time to improve their work. In recent years, with the rapid development and popularity of the Internet, supervision through the Internet has become a new form of supervision by public opinion that spreads quickly, produces great influence and features a wider range of participation. China highly values the positive role played by the Internet in enhancing supervision, conscientiously strengthens the collection, research, judgment and management of information regarding combating corruption and advocating integrity from the Internet. It is making efforts to enact laws and regulations on report websites and improve the accep-tance mechanism and clue application and feedback system of the report websites in order to offer a convenient and unimpeded channel for the public to exercise their right of supervision through the Internet. Meanwhile, efforts are being made to strengthen the management, guidance and standardization of supervision by pub-lic opinion so as to ensure that supervision by public opinion oper-ates along the orbit prescribed by the law.
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