為適應(yīng)走新型工業(yè)化道路和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的需要，中國(guó)政府實(shí)施國(guó)家技能人才振興計(jì)劃，建立公共實(shí)訓(xùn)基地和國(guó)家高技能人才培養(yǎng)示范基地，努力培養(yǎng)造就一支門類齊全、技藝精湛的技能人才隊(duì)伍。國(guó)家大力培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村實(shí)用人才隊(duì)伍，實(shí)施農(nóng)村實(shí)用人才素質(zhì)提升計(jì)劃和新農(nóng)村實(shí)用人才培訓(xùn)工程，全面提高農(nóng)村實(shí)用人才的科技素質(zhì)、職業(yè)技能和經(jīng)營(yíng)能力，大力培養(yǎng)教師、醫(yī)生、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員等農(nóng)村發(fā)展急需人才，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)各類人才向農(nóng)村流動(dòng)。
促進(jìn)教育公平
全面實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育。從2006年開始，中國(guó)政府改革并逐步調(diào)整完善了農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制，并從2008年開始，免除城市義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生學(xué)雜費(fèi)，將九年義務(wù)教育全面納入國(guó)家財(cái)政保障范圍。
To meet the needs of taking a new road to industrialization and op-timizing and upgrading the industrial structure, the Chinese govern-ment has implemented the National Plan for Developing Skilled Personnel, set up public training bases and national demonstration bases for the training of highly-skilled personnel, and striven to create a contingent of skilled personnel for different industries. The state has made great efforts to train people with practical skills for the country-side, implemented a plan to enhance these people’s quality and put in place a project to train such people for the new countryside, and worked hard to improve the scientific and technical attainments, voca-tional skills and business capabilities of such people. It has also trained teachers, doctors and agricultural technicians to meet the urgent needs of rural development, and encouraged and guided personnel with dif-ferent qualifications to work in the countryside.
Promoting equity in education
Free nine-year compulsory education is now available to all chil-dren, urban or rural, throughout the country. Since 2006 the Chinese government has reformed and adjusted the mechanism for ensuring funding for rural compulsory education; and since 2008 urban students undergoing compulsory education have been exempted from tuition and other fees. Nine-year compulsory education has been fully incor-porated into the national financial security system.
積極推進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。堅(jiān)持公共教育資源向農(nóng)村地區(qū)、邊遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū)和民族地區(qū)傾斜，實(shí)施國(guó)家貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育工程、西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村寄宿制學(xué)校建設(shè)工程、農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育工程、中西部農(nóng)村初中改造工程、中西部地區(qū)特殊教育建設(shè)規(guī)劃等扶持計(jì)劃，努力縮小城鄉(xiāng)和區(qū)域差距，保障困難群體接受教育。
健全國(guó)家助學(xué)體系。中國(guó)政府在普通高校、職業(yè)學(xué)校實(shí)行國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、助學(xué)金和國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款等制度，加大資助力度，保障家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生不因貧困而失學(xué)。2009年底，中等職業(yè)學(xué)校學(xué)生受助面達(dá)到90％ ，高等學(xué)校學(xué)生受助面超過20％ ，資助學(xué)生4306萬人次。從2009年開始，國(guó)家對(duì)中等職業(yè)學(xué)校農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生和涉農(nóng)專業(yè)學(xué)生免除學(xué)費(fèi)。
China has been active in promoting balanced compulsory educa-tion. The government has prioritized rural areas, outlying poor areas and regions inhabited by ethnic-minority groups in allocating public educational resources, and implemented programs such as the National Compulsory Education in Poor Areas, Building Boarding Schools in Western China’s Rural Areas, Modern Distance Education for Ele-mentary and Middle Schools in Rural China, Renovating Junior Mid-dle Schools in Central and Western China and the Plan for Special Education in Central and Western China, so as to narrow the gap be-tween urban and rural areas and between different regions and guaran-tee that disadvantaged groups have access to education.
The financial aid system has been improved. The Chinese govern-ment adopts a national scholarship system, student subsidy system and national student loan system applicable to regular institutions of higher learning and vocational schools. It has provided more financial aid to ensure that students from families with financial difficulties can con-tinue their studies. By the end of 2009 some 90% of students from secondary vocational schools and 20% of university students had re-ceived financial aid on a total of 43.06 million occasions. Since 2009 students from poor rural families studying at secondary vocational schools and students studying agriculture-related subjects in such schools have been exempted from tuitions.
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