國有企業(yè)人事制度不斷健全完善。按照現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度要求，國有企業(yè)推進規(guī)范董事會的建設，為企業(yè)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展提供了體制保障。建立健全企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理人才選拔任用、業(yè)績考核、激勵監(jiān)督等管理制度。建立市場機制調(diào)節(jié)、企業(yè)自主分配、職工民主參與、政府監(jiān)控指導的工資分配制度，促進了企業(yè)的發(fā)展和職工工資水平的提高。注重發(fā)揮市場配置人才的基礎性作用，初步建立起市場化選人用人機制，2003年至2009年通過公開招聘、競爭上崗等方式選聘的經(jīng)營管理人才，從33.4萬人增加到52.1萬人。
建立國家榮譽和表彰獎勵制度
中國政府堅持精神獎勵與物質(zhì)獎勵相結(jié)合、以精神獎勵為主的原則，建立健全國家榮譽和獎勵制度。
Personnel system of state-owned enterprises has been improved. In line with the requirements of the modern corporate system, state-owned enterprises have started to form standard boards of directors, providing an institutional guarantee for the sustained, rapid and healthy develop-ment of these enterprises. They have established and improved systems concerning the selection and appointment, performance assessment, and incentives and supervision of managerial and administrative per-sonnel. They have put in place a wage system with regulation by the market, distribution independently by enterprises, democratic partici-pation of employees, and supervision and guidance by the government, thus promoting the development of enterprises and enhancing em-ployees’ wages. As a result, the basic role of the market in allocating human resources has been brought into full play, and a mechanism of personnel selection and appointment by the market has been estab-lished. From 2003 to 2009 the number of managerial and administra-tive personnel employed by way of open recruitment and competition for positions increased from 334,000 to 521,000.
Establishing a national system of honors and rewards
The Chinese government adheres to the principle of combining morale boosting with material reward, with the focus on the former, and has therefore set up a national system of honors and rewards which is being constantly improved.
國家設立“全國勞動模范”和“全國先進工作者”榮譽稱號，授予在國家建設事業(yè)中作出重大貢獻的勞動者。1989年以來，中國政府一般每五年召開一次全國勞動模范和先進工作者表彰大會，對全國各行各業(yè)涌現(xiàn)出的先進人物予以表彰，其中授予工人、農(nóng)民、企業(yè)管理人員等“全國勞動模范”榮譽稱號，授予機關(guān)事業(yè)單位工作人員“全國先進工作者”榮譽稱號。截至目前共表彰“全國勞動模范”和“全國先進工作者”14578人。
國家設立科學技術(shù)獎，獎勵在科學技術(shù)工作中作出突出貢獻的公民、組織。自2000年以來，共有27772人獲得國家科學技術(shù)獎。其中有16名杰出科學家獲得國家最高科學技術(shù)獎。國家設立科學院和工程院院士稱號，中國科學院院士和中國工程院院士是國家在科學技術(shù)領域和工程科技領域設立的最高學術(shù)稱號，截至2009年底，共評選產(chǎn)生中國科學院院士1143人、中國工程院院士861人。自1990年起，中國政府實行政府特殊津貼制度，向作出突出貢獻的專家、學者、技術(shù)人員和高技能人才頒發(fā)榮譽證書，發(fā)放政府特殊津貼。到2009年，全國共有15.8萬人享受政府特殊津貼。建立全國優(yōu)秀專業(yè)技術(shù)人才表彰制度，自1999年以來共有200人獲得“全國杰出專業(yè)技術(shù)人才”稱號。建立中華技能大獎和全國技術(shù)能手評選表彰制度，自1995年以來已有120人榮獲“中華技能大獎”稱號，2976人榮獲“全國技術(shù)能手”稱號，樹立了一批中國高技能人才楷模人物。建立全國農(nóng)村優(yōu)秀人才表彰制度，自2000年以來已表彰了160名全國農(nóng)村優(yōu)秀人才。
The state awards workers who have made major contributions to national development with the honorary titles of “National Model Worker” and “National Outstanding Worker” — the former for work-ers, farmers and managerial personnel of enterprises, and the latter for personnel of government departments and public institutions. Since 1989 the Chinese government has held a national conference once every five years to award such titles to model and outstanding workers from all walks of life. So far 14,578 people have received one of the titles.
The state honors citizens and organizations making brilliant con-tributions to scientific and technological development with the Science and Technology Award. Since 2000, a total of 27,772 people have won this award, and among them 16 prominent scientists won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award of China. China has two titles for academicians: One is Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the highest title in the field of science and technology, and the other is Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the highest title in the field of engineering and technology. By the end of 2009 there were 1,143 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences and 861 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, all of whom won the title by way of assessment and selection. Since 1990, China also practices a system of special government allowances. The Chinese government has issued certificates of honor to experts, scholars, technicians and highly-skilled personnel who have made bril-liant contributions to their fields. In addition, it gives special govern-ment allowances to these people. By 2009, 158,000 people had received such allowances. In addition, the state has put in place a national sys-tem for rewarding outstanding professionals. Since 1999 a total of 200 people have won the title of “National Outstanding Professional.” Since 1995 a total of 120 people have won the state’s “Grand Skill Award of China” and 2,976 have won “National Technical Expert” award. They are role models of high-skilled workers in China. The government has also established a national system to reward prominent personnel from rural areas, and 160 people have been commended under this system since 2000.
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