保障平等就業(yè)
近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的人力資源市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)與管理，努力打破歷史原因造成的城鄉(xiāng)分割、身份分割和地區(qū)分割等問(wèn)題，消除人力資源市場(chǎng)的體制性障礙，形成城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)者平等就業(yè)的制度。國(guó)家有關(guān)部門通過(guò)完善市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管體系，開展人力資源市場(chǎng)執(zhí)法檢查活動(dòng)，清理整頓市場(chǎng)不法行為，有力維護(hù)了求職者等市場(chǎng)主體的合法權(quán)益。
國(guó)家高度重視并保障婦女享有與男子平等的勞動(dòng)權(quán)利，努力消除阻礙婦女平等就業(yè)的壁壘。動(dòng)員和組織社會(huì)力量拓寬吸納女性勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的渠道，制定和執(zhí)行扶持婦女自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的政策。充分發(fā)揮各級(jí)婦聯(lián)組織在反映婦女訴求、促進(jìn)平等就業(yè)和同工同酬、提供維權(quán)服務(wù)等方面的積極作用。到2008年，全國(guó)就業(yè)人口中女性超過(guò)45.4%。
Guaranteeing equal employment
In recent years, the Chinese government has endeavored to streng-then the building and management of a unified and standard market of human resources, overcome the divide between urban and rural areas, between people of different identities and between different regions — which is caused by historical factors, eliminate institutional obstacles to the development of the human resources market, and establish an equal employment system for urban and rural workers. By improving market supervision, carrying out examination of law enforcement in the human resources market, and cleaning up and rectifying illegal acts in the market, the relevant departments of the Chinese govern-ment has effectively protected the lawful rights and interests of all market elements, including job seekers.
The state makes every effort to ensure that women have equal rights to employment with men, and endeavors to remove barriers to women’s equal employment. The country mobilizes various non-governmental sectors to expand the employment channels for women, and formulates and implements policies supporting women’s self-employment. The positive role of women’s federations at all levels is brought into full play in making known to authorities women’s demands, in promoting equal employment and equal pay for equal work, and in providing rights protection services. By 2008 women workers accounted for more than 45.4% of the working population nationwide.
中國(guó)政府加強(qiáng)對(duì)殘疾人就業(yè)的統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，實(shí)行集中就業(yè)與分散就業(yè)相結(jié)合的方針，保障殘疾人的勞動(dòng)權(quán)利。制定和實(shí)施促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)政策，規(guī)定用人單位安排殘疾人就業(yè)的比例不得低于1.5% ，對(duì)安置殘疾人員達(dá)到職工總數(shù)25%比例的集中使用殘疾人的用人單位給予稅收優(yōu)惠，指導(dǎo)和幫助殘疾人組織興辦殘疾人福利企業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)和支持殘疾人通過(guò)多種形式靈活就業(yè)。中國(guó)各級(jí)殘疾人聯(lián)合會(huì)努力維護(hù)殘疾人合法權(quán)益，幫助殘疾人平等參與社會(huì)生活。建立省、市、縣級(jí)殘疾人就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)3043個(gè)，專門為殘疾人提供就業(yè)援助服務(wù)。截至2009年底，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)實(shí)際在業(yè)殘疾人數(shù)443.4萬(wàn)，農(nóng)村殘疾人有1757萬(wàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定就業(yè)。
國(guó)家高度重視保障農(nóng)民工權(quán)益。農(nóng)民工是中國(guó)改革開放和工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中出現(xiàn)的特殊勞動(dòng)群體，為國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。2006年，國(guó)務(wù)院建立農(nóng)民工工作聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)和指導(dǎo)全國(guó)農(nóng)民工工作。取消各種針對(duì)農(nóng)民進(jìn)城就業(yè)的不合理限制，加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生培訓(xùn)，擴(kuò)大農(nóng)民工參加社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面，建立養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)接續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移制度，實(shí)施“春暖行動(dòng)”、“春風(fēng)行動(dòng)”等專項(xiàng)扶持計(jì)劃。截至2009年底，有8014.82萬(wàn)農(nóng)民工成為工會(huì)會(huì)員，近80%的農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在城鎮(zhèn)公辦中小學(xué)免費(fèi)接受義務(wù)教育，全國(guó)參加工傷保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的農(nóng)民工分別達(dá)到5587萬(wàn)人、4335萬(wàn)人、2647萬(wàn)人和1643萬(wàn)人。
The Chinese government is formulating an overall plan for the em-ployment of the disabled and has adopted the principle of combining centralized and decentralized employment, so as to guarantee the right to employment for the disabled. It formulates and implements policies favorable for the disabled people’s employment, stipulating that every employer must hire at least one and a half persons with disabilities out of every 100 employees working in the company. Any employer with one quarter of its employees being persons of disabilities will enjoy tax preference. The government also gives advice to and helps the disabled to establish welfare enterprises of persons of disabilities, and encour-ages and supports them to explore flexible ways of employment. The China Disabled Persons’ Federation at all levels protects the legitimate rights and interests of disabled persons and promotes their equal par-ticipation in social life. A total of 3,043 employment service agencies have been set up at the provincial, municipal and county levels to pro-vide special employment services for the disabled. By the end of 2009 the number of disabled employees in urban areas nationwide had reached 4.434 million, and 17.57 million disabled persons in the rural areas had found stable jobs.
The state pays great attention to the protection of rural migrant workers’ rights and interests. Rural migrant workers are a special group of workers that has emerged in the process of China’s reform and opening-up, industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to the economic and social development of the country. In 2006 the State Council established the Joint Conference System to coordinate and guide the work on rural migrant workers across the country. China has eliminated many unreasonable restric-tions on rural migrant workers’ seeking jobs in cities, strengthened work safety and public health training, expanded social insurance to cover more migrant workers, established a retirement pension scheme, which ensures continuity of one’s retirement insurance wherever he or she lives, and carried out such supporting programs as “Spring Warmth Action” and “Spring Breeze Action.” By the end of 2009 a total of 80.1482 million rural migrant workers had become members of trade unions, almost 80% of the migrant workers’ children were receiving free compulsory education at public schools in urban areas, and the number of migrant workers covered by insurance for work-related injuries, medical insurance, basic retirement insurance for employees of enterprises in urban areas and unemployment insurance had reached 55.87 million, 43.35 million, 26.47 million and 16.43 million, respectively.
上一篇：《中國(guó)的人力資源狀況》（中英對(duì)照）V
下一篇：《中國(guó)的人力資源狀況》（中英對(duì)照）III
微信公眾號(hào)搜索“譯員”關(guān)注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及翻譯招聘信息。