殘疾人事業(yè)在改革開放中興起。改革開放以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府實(shí)施了一系列發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)、改善殘疾人狀況的重大舉措。1984年成立中國殘疾人福利基金會(huì)，1987年開展第一次全國殘疾人抽樣調(diào)查，1988年成立中國殘疾人聯(lián)合會(huì)（簡稱“中國殘聯(lián)”），1991年頒布實(shí)施《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》并第一次制定實(shí)施中國殘疾人事業(yè)五年計(jì)劃綱要。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，國家加快推進(jìn)全面小康社會(huì)建設(shè)，殘疾人事業(yè)全面提升。2008年出臺《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于促進(jìn)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的意見》，同年修訂《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》。殘疾人事業(yè)由改革開放初期以救濟(jì)為主的社會(huì)福利工作，逐步發(fā)展成為包括康復(fù)、教育、就業(yè)、扶貧、社會(huì)保障、維權(quán)、文化、體育、無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)、殘疾預(yù)防等領(lǐng)域的綜合性社會(huì)事業(yè)。殘疾人參與社會(huì)生活的環(huán)境大為改善，殘疾人的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化和社會(huì)權(quán)利得到尊重和保障；殘疾人的面貌發(fā)生根本性變化，由被動(dòng)的受助者變?yōu)榉e極參與的主體，成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的一支重要力量，在改革和發(fā)展中涌現(xiàn)出一大批像張海迪那樣的體現(xiàn)民族精神和時(shí)代風(fēng)貌的優(yōu)秀殘疾人。
Championing the programs of persons with disabilities since reform and opening up. Since reform and opening up was initiated in 1978, the CPC and the Chinese government have introduced a series of major measures to champion the programs of persons with disabilities and improve their lives. These include: founding of the China Foundation for Disabled Persons in 1984, the first national sample survey on disability in 1987, founding of the China Disabled Persons’ Federation (CDPF) in 1988, and promulgation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities and the first five-year program for China’s cause of these people in 1991. Entering the 21st century, as
the country moved faster toward a moderately prosperous society, the cause of persons with disabilities also advanced in all respects. In 2008, the “Directives of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Cause of Persons with Disabilities” was issued, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities was revised. Promoting the interests of persons with disabilities, from being part of social welfare in the form of relief in the late 1970s and early 1980s, has evolved into an encompassing network covering rehabilitation, education, employment, poverty alleviation, social security, rights protection, culture, sports, accessible environment, and disability prevention. The environment has improved for persons with disabilities to join in social life, and their political, economic, cultural and social rights are respected and guaranteed. There
has been a fundamental change in the life and work of persons with disabilities, who have evolved from recipients of relief in the past to a main body involved in relevant activities, and an important force for social and economic progress. In the course of reform and development, many persons with disabilities, for example Zhang Haidi, have become role models who embody the spirit of the Chinese nation and of the times.
殘疾人事業(yè)邁上新臺階。中共十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央對殘疾人格外關(guān)心、格外關(guān)注。2014年、2019年習(xí)近平兩次會(huì)見全國自強(qiáng)模范暨助殘先進(jìn)集體和個(gè)人表彰大會(huì)受表彰代表，為我國殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展指明方向，2014年向中國殘疾人福利基金會(huì)成立30周年發(fā)去賀信提出“殘疾人是一個(gè)特殊困難的群體，需要格外關(guān)心、格外關(guān)注”，2017年向2013－2022年亞太殘疾人十年中期審查高級別政府間會(huì)議致賀信提出“中國將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)，促進(jìn)殘疾人全面發(fā)展和共同富裕”，2016年在河北省唐山市考察時(shí)提出“2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)，殘疾人一個(gè)也不能少”的任務(wù)目標(biāo)。自中共十八大以來，殘疾人工作成為“五位一體”總體布局和“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局的重要內(nèi)容。在國家層面建立起覆蓋數(shù)千萬殘疾人口，包含生活補(bǔ)貼、護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼、兒童康復(fù)補(bǔ)貼等內(nèi)容的殘疾人專項(xiàng)福利制度；在全國范圍內(nèi)將數(shù)百萬農(nóng)村貧困殘疾人脫貧作為打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)的重點(diǎn)，精準(zhǔn)施策、特別扶助；在實(shí)施“健康中國”戰(zhàn)略中高度重視和關(guān)注每個(gè)殘疾人的健康問題，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)“人人享有健康服務(wù)”目標(biāo)；將殘疾人基本公共服務(wù)納入國家基本公共服務(wù)體系，持續(xù)推進(jìn)殘疾人基本公共服務(wù)托底補(bǔ)短工作，不斷提高殘疾人基本公共服務(wù)供給水平；各行各業(yè)、社會(huì)各個(gè)方面都在努力消除障礙，越來越多的殘疾人接受更好教育、實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)、平等參與社會(huì)。殘疾人“平等、參與、共享”的目標(biāo)得到更好實(shí)現(xiàn)，關(guān)心幫助殘疾人的社會(huì)氛圍更加濃厚，殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)入了快車道，殘疾人獲得感、幸福感、安全感持續(xù)提升，殘疾人事業(yè)整體發(fā)展水平邁上一個(gè)新臺階。
New progress in the cause of persons with disabilities. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as its core has given more care and attention to persons with disabilities. In 2014 and 2019 Xi met with representatives from model units for helping persons with disabilities, and with individual role models of self-reliance and hard work, pointing the direction for China’s work for persons with disabilities. In 2014, in his letter to congratulate the China Foundation for Disabled Persons on its 30th anniversary, Xi said that persons with disabilities were a special group in need of extra care and attention. In 2017, in his congratulatory letter to the High-level Intergovernmental Meeting on the Midpoint Review of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons with Disabilities, 2013-2022, Xi said that China would continue to champion the cause of persons with disabilities, so that they could develop in an all-round way and achieve common prosperity. In 2016, during an inspection trip to Tangshan, Hebei Province, he said that in the course of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in
all respects by 2020, not a single person with disabilities should be left behind. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, work related to persons with disabilities has become an important part of the Five-point Strategy (promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress) and the Four-pronged Strategy (to complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to further reform, to advance the rule of law, and to strengthen Party discipline). The state has established a special welfare system for tens of millions of persons with disabilities, including living subsidies, nursing subsidies, and subsidies for children's
rehabilitation. Persons with disabilities from poor households in rural areas, numbering in the millions, have become a focus in the final fight against poverty, and we should accurately apply policies and give them special assistance.
In the Healthy China initiative, we should pay particular attention to each individual with disabilities and make sure everyone has access to health services. Public services for persons with disabilities have been included in the national system of basic public services, and efforts will continue to provide basic public services to them, improve weaker links, and enhance service quality. As all trades and walks of life strive to eliminate barriers, more and more persons with disabilities are receiving better education, which enable them to find jobs, start businesses, and participate in social life more equally. As the whole nation works to achieve the goals of “equality, participation and sharing” for persons with disabilities,
Chinese society is more readily available to care for and help them. The cause of persons with disabilities is picking up speed, and these people are enjoying a greater sense of gain, happiness, and security.
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