在翻譯中,我們可以在不增減、不歪曲內(nèi)容的條件下適當(dāng)增詞或減詞。如:
1.It was in the neighbourhood of Berkeley Square, and I had come out of a drawing-room, warm, scented and full of "portable property". The hall door was closed behind me, the east wind caught me in the face, and I walked into a child. (Galsworthy)
[譯文] 這事發(fā)生在離貝克萊廣場不遠(yuǎn)的地方。我從客廳里走出來,那兒溫暖如春,散發(fā)著香水的氣味,還有許多貴重的家俱和裝飾品。大門在我身后緊閉起來。一陣凜冽的東風(fēng)迎面撲來,我險些踩到一個孩子身上。
在英國,冬天刮東風(fēng),而且這種東風(fēng)還凜冽刺骨,和中國情況不同。因此,在這里有必要在“東風(fēng)”前面增添“凜冽的”一
類字樣。原作者也是有意要把溫暖如春、富麗堂皇的客廳和寒冷的街道加以對比。
2. Phoebe Anna was thin and black, a very umbrella of a woman. (Driesel)
[譯文] 安娜是一個又瘦又黑的女人,上身粗大,下身細(xì)長,簡直象一把雨傘。
3. ...as I knew she was anxious to get home, and, between fire, food and pickpockets, could never be considered at her ease for half an hour in London, .….(Dickens)
[譯文] ……因為我知道她急于要回家,同時,既怕房子著火,又要弄點吃的東西,又怕遇見扒手,可以說,她在倫敦連半點鐘工夫都無法把一顆心放下…(張谷若同志譯文,略有改動)
4. He had been faithful to the fourteen-year-old Vicar's daughter whom he had worshipped on his knees but had never led to the altar.
[譯文] 他一直忠于十四歲的牧師女兒,他曾拜倒在她的石榴裙下,但卻沒有同她結(jié)婚。
lead someone to the altar(引到圣壇前面)的形象性移到內(nèi)容中去了。
5. And his partner caught his fire.
[譯文] 他的舞伴也感染了他的熱情。
fire的形象性移到內(nèi)容中去了。
6. In marrying this girl he married a bit more than he could chew.
[譯文] 他和這姑娘結(jié)婚,未免不自量力。(以推論代理由)
總之,內(nèi)容和形式相互推移的原理是翻譯藝術(shù)中一項重要原理,足可以破除我們一部分翻譯工作者頭腦中的形式主義翻譯思
想。這種形式主義翻譯實質(zhì)上就是一種形而上學(xué)的思想。它把內(nèi)容看做永遠(yuǎn)是內(nèi)容,把形式看做永遠(yuǎn)是形式,不懂得內(nèi)容和形式可以互相滲透,互相轉(zhuǎn)化,我們只有破除這種形而上學(xué)的思想,才能把文學(xué)翻譯提高到藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的水平上來。
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