中國民歌中還有排比的文學(xué)手法。如《木蘭詞》中的“爺娘聞女來，出郭相扶將；阿姊聞妹來，當(dāng)戶理紅妝；小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。”Waley把這種文學(xué)手法加以移植，譯為：
When her father and mother heard that she had come,
They went out to the wall and led her back to the house.
When her little sister heard that she had come,
She went to the door and roughed her face afresh.
When her little brother heard that his sister had come,
He sharpened his knife and darted like a flash toward the pigs and sheep.
又如中國古代詩人很講究“空靈”。所謂“空靈”，其實就是一種文學(xué)手法——詩人的天真。如李清照名句“只恐雙溪舴艋舟，載不動許多愁，”Candlin譯為：
Ah,but I fear
On River Shuang
The boats are frail.
They cannot bear
My weight of care.
詩人明知“愁”無所謂載動載不動，而故作此說，這就是“空靈”。
王安石詩句“春色惱人眠不得，月移花影上欄桿，Giles譯為：
Yet I am kept from slumber by the beauty of the spring.
Sweet shapes of flowers across the blind the quivering moonbeams fling!
“惱”字未譯出，不及原詩空靈。試比較Smith和Kotewell的譯文：
Spring's hues tease me, and I cannot sleep,
While the moon moves the shadows of the flowers up the balustrade.
以Spring's hues譯“春色”尚可商榷，但“惱”字譯出，自較空靈。
傳統(tǒng)的民族文學(xué)手法中，也有一些不能移植，而必須服從另一條客觀規(guī)律——文學(xué)譯品的語言自然性。典故就是難以移植的手法之一。
《西廂記》中張生自述：“暗想小生螢窗雪案，刮垢磨光，學(xué)成滿腹文章，尚在湖海飄零，何日得就大志呵！”熊式一先生譯為：
I thought to myself that though I had studied by light of the fire-fly and reflection of the snow in order to acquire a deep knowledge of literature, I am still a wanderer by lake and do not yet know when I shall be able to fulfil my great ambition.
(The Western Chamber)
“螢窗雪案”照字面直譯反失其真。因為這里不過是用兩個典故來說明張生十年寒窗之苦，“螢窗雪案”于張生未必實有其事。
一個民族的俗語、諺語、成語之類往往反映出這個民族的文化傳統(tǒng)和文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。在翻譯中，應(yīng)該根據(jù)語言上的考慮和藝術(shù)上的考慮，在可能范圍內(nèi)加以移植，以保持作品的民族性。如果語言上或藝術(shù)上不許可，讀者又不能接受，就不要勉強移植。
1. An' after all her bringin'-up an' what I tol' her an' talked wid her, she goes teh d'bad, like a duck teh water.
[譯文] 我生她養(yǎng)她，叮嚀來囑咐去，她還是去干那種丑事，跟鴨子下水一樣上了癮。（孫致禮同志譯文，略有改動)
2. Men sent flowers, love notes, offers of fortune. And still her dreams ran riot. The one hundred and fifty! The one bundred and fifty! what a door to an Aladdin's cave it seemed to be.
(Sister Carrie)
[譯文] 男人給她送花，送情書，送時運?？墒撬€幻夢無邊。這一百五十塊錢！這一百五十塊錢！真象藏神燈的山洞給阿拉丁打開了大門。（裘柱常和石靈同志譯文）
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