Medical and Health Services in China-Figure 5: China's total health expenditure and its proportion of the GDP from 1978 to 2011, according to a white paper released by the Information Office of the State Council on Dec. 26, 2012. (Xinhua)
Medical and Health Services in China-Figure 6: China's health financing structure (%) from 2000 to 2011, according to a white paper released by the Information Office of the State Council on Dec. 26, 2012. (Xinhua)
衛(wèi)生資源持續(xù)發(fā)展。截至2011年底，全國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)達95.4萬個(所)，與2003年比較，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)增加14.8萬個(所)。執(zhí)業(yè)(助理)醫(yī)師246.6萬人，每千人口執(zhí)業(yè)(助理)醫(yī)師數(shù)由2002年的1.5人增加到1.8人。注冊護士224.4萬人，每千人口注冊護士數(shù)由2002年的1人增加到1.7人。醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)床位數(shù)516萬張，每千人口醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)床位數(shù)由2002年的2.5張?zhí)岣叩?.8張。
醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務利用狀況顯著改善。2011年，全國醫(yī)療機構(gòu)診療人次由2002年的21.5億人次增加到62.7億人次，住院人數(shù)由2002年的5991萬人增加到1.5億人。中國居民到醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)年均就診4.6次，每百居民住院11.3人，醫(yī)院病床使用率為88.5%，醫(yī)院出院者平均住院日為10.3天。居民看病就醫(yī)更加方便，可及性顯著提高。15分鐘內(nèi)可到達醫(yī)療機構(gòu)住戶比例，由2003年的80.7%提高到2011年的83.3%，其中農(nóng)村地區(qū)為80.8%。醫(yī)療質(zhì)量管理和控制體系不斷完善。建立無償獻血制度，血液安全得到保障。
Health resources have been developing in a sustained way. By the end of 2011, medical and healthcare institutions around the country totaled 954,000, an increase of 148,000 over 2003. Licensed doctors (assistants) reached 2,466,000, or 1.8 per thousand people, as compared with 1.5 per thousand people in 2002. Registered nurses totaled 2,244,000, or 1.7 per thousand people, as compared with one per thousand people in 2002. The number of hospital beds reached 5160,000, or 3.8 per thousand people, as compared with 2.5 per thou-sand people in 2002.
Marked improvement has been seen in the utilization of medical and health services. In 2011, medical institutions throughout the country hosted 6.27 billion outpatients, as compared with 2.15 billion in 2002; and admitted 150 million inpatients, as compared with 59.91 million in 2002. That year, Chinese residents went to the medical institutions for medical treatment 4.6 times on average; 11.3 of every 100 people were hospitalized; the utilization rate of hospital beds reached 88.5%; and the hospital stay of the inpatients averaged 10.3 days. These figures show that it has become increasingly convenient to see a doctor and more easily accessible to get medical services. In 2011, 83.3% of all households (80.8% in rural areas) could reach medical institutions within 15 minutes, as compared with 80.7% in 2002. Medical service quality management and control systems have been constantly improved. A system of blood donation without compensation has been established, so as to ensure blood supply and safety.
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