二、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革
經(jīng)過多年努力，中國(guó)衛(wèi)生事業(yè)取得顯著發(fā)展成就，但與公眾健康需求和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展不適應(yīng)的矛盾還比較突出。特別是隨著中國(guó)從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)型，原有醫(yī)療保障體系發(fā)生很大變化，如何使廣大公眾享有更好、更健全的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，成為中國(guó)政府面臨的一個(gè)重大問題。從20世紀(jì)80年代開始，中國(guó)啟動(dòng)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，并在2003年抗擊傳染性非典型肺炎取得重大勝利后加快推進(jìn)。2009年3月，中國(guó)公布《關(guān)于深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革的意見》，全面啟動(dòng)新一輪醫(yī)改。改革的基本理念，是把基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度作為公共產(chǎn)品向全民提供，實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，從制度上保證每個(gè)居民不分地域、民族、年齡、性別、職業(yè)、收入水平，都能公平獲得基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。改革的基本原則是?；尽?qiáng)基層、建機(jī)制。
醫(yī)改是一項(xiàng)涉及面廣、難度大的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)工程，在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)人口多、人均收入水平低、城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域差距大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，深化醫(yī)改是一項(xiàng)十分艱巨復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。三年多來(lái)，中國(guó)政府大力推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生服務(wù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，積極破解醫(yī)改這一世界性難題。通過艱苦努力，中國(guó)的新一輪醫(yī)改取得積極進(jìn)展。
II. Reform of Medical and Healthcare Systems
With years of effort, China has made remarkable achievements in the development of its healthcare undertakings, which, however, still fall far short of the public's demands for healthcare as well as the requirements of economic and social development. Especially when China turned from a planned economy to a market economy, the old medical care system has undergone great changes. So it became an issue of major importance for the Chinese government to provide better and more accessible medical and health services to the public. In the 1980s, the Chinese government initiated reform of the medical and healthcare systems, and speeded up the reform in 2003 after a success was won in the fight against the SARS. In March 2009, the Chinese government promulgated the "Opinions on Deepening Reform of the Medical and Health Care Systems," setting off a new round of reform in this regard. The basic goal of this reform was to provide the whole nation with basic medical and health services as a public product, and ensure that everyone, regardless of location, nationality, age, gender, occupation and income, enjoys equal access to basic medical and health services. And the basic principles to be followed in the reform were to ensure basic services, improving such services at the grass-roots level and establishing the effective mechanisms.
Medical reform is a social program that covers a wide range and involves difficult tasks. And it is a hard and complicated task to deepen this reform in China, a developing country with a large population, low per-capita income and a wide gap between urban and rural areas. For over three years, the Chinese government has worked hard to strike a balance between improving medical and health services on one hand and economic and social development on the other, trying to find a solution to this worldwide problem. Thanks to the persistent efforts made, China has made positive progress in this new round of medical reform.
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