英語習(xí)慣上常常以引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語,而把真正作主語的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或主語從句放在謂語之后。此時(shí),it本身無詞義,漢譯時(shí)無需譯出。這種句型是英語中特有的ー種句型,也是科技英語中常見的ー種句型。這種句型的譯法多種多祥,概括一下有下列幾種譯法:
1. 順譯法
這種譯法就是基本按照原文句子的語序,將含有it作形式主語的英語句子譯為漢語的無主句。如:
* It is likely that the endosperm of many other plants through a similar free-cell, liquid stage.
可能許多其他植物的胚乳也經(jīng)歷了相似的游離細(xì)胞和流體胚乳階段。
* It should be noted that such layers with a lower velocity could be detected.
應(yīng)該注意到,這類低速層是可以探測(cè)到的。
* With the more complex shapes, it is necessary to go through a series of stages before the final shape can be produced from the raw material.
對(duì)于較復(fù)雜的形狀,必須經(jīng)過幾個(gè)步驟才能把原料加工成最后的形狀。
2. 倒譯法
所謂的倒譯法,就是將位于句尾的真正的主語(包括主語從句、不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞)先譯,并在譯文中作主語。如:
* It's important to learn when the environment is not good for plants and animals, it is not good for man.
懂得當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于動(dòng)植物時(shí)也不利于人類這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。
* It is possible to improve the antichatter characteristics of a machine tool by incorporating extra damping.
采用外部減震來改善機(jī)床的抗震性能是可行的。
* It is important to realize the two points about forging and pressing.
弄清鍛壓的這兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)是重要的。