20世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái)，特別是90年代以來(lái)，中國(guó)政府在青藏高原部署了類(lèi)型多樣的生態(tài)保育工程，包括野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)及自然保護(hù)區(qū)建設(shè)、重點(diǎn)防護(hù)林體系建設(shè)、天然林資源保護(hù)、退耕還林還草、退牧還草、水土流失治理以及濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)等。西藏自治區(qū)實(shí)施了生態(tài)安全屏障保護(hù)與建設(shè)工程和“兩江四河”（雅魯藏布江、怒江、拉薩河、年楚河、雅礱河、獅泉河）流域造林綠化工程等。青海省實(shí)施了祁連山“山水林田湖草”生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)工程、青海湖流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與綜合治理工程、三江源生態(tài)保護(hù)和建設(shè)等重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程。2011年，《青藏高原區(qū)域生態(tài)建設(shè)與環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃（2011－2030年）》頒布實(shí)施。一系列生態(tài)建設(shè)工程的實(shí)施在生態(tài)保育方面取得了積極效果，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的趨勢(shì)得到控制，生物多樣性持續(xù)恢復(fù)，一些重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程區(qū)的生態(tài)功能全面好轉(zhuǎn)。
Since the 1960s, and especially over the last three decades, the Chinese government has put in place various ecosystem conservation projects, including wildlife protection and nature reserve development, the construction of key shelter forests, natural forest conservation, returning farmland to forest and grassland, restoring grazing land to grassland, water and soil conservation, and wetland conservation and restoration. The Tibet Autonomous Region has implemented a project for the protection and construction of an eco-safety barrier, and a project for afforestation in the basins of the Yarlung Tsangpo, Nujiang, Lhasa, Nyangchu, Yalong, and Shiquan rivers. Qinghai Province implemented a project for the conservation and restoration of the Qilian Mountain ecosystem, composed of mountains, rivers, forest, farmland, lakes, and grassland, a project for the conservation and comprehensive improvement of the Qinghai Lake ecosystem, and a project for the ecological conservation and construction of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve. In 2011, the Chinese government issued and implemented the Plan for Regional Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (2011-2030). A number of eco-projects have been implemented, achieving positive results in ecosystem conservation, bringing under control the degradation of the local ecosystem, restoring the biodiversity, and the ecological functions of several regions where key eco-projects were implemented have been comprehensively improved.
生態(tài)退化得到有效控制
高寒草地是青藏高原最主要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型，發(fā)揮著重要的生態(tài)安全屏障功能，也是高原畜牧業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。由于氣候變化和超載過(guò)牧等原因，高寒草地不斷退化，至20世紀(jì)80年代中期，西藏自治區(qū)和青海省的草地面積為82萬(wàn)平方公里。此后，隨著退牧還草、草原生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策以及草原鼠蟲(chóng)害防治等一系列草地生態(tài)保護(hù)建設(shè)工程的陸續(xù)實(shí)施，青藏高原草地保育成效逐步顯現(xiàn)。研究表明，1982－2009年，青藏高原草地覆蓋度和凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力總體呈增加態(tài)勢(shì)，草地覆蓋度增加的區(qū)域約占草地總面積的47%，凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力明顯增加的面積達(dá)32%以上。近十年來(lái)，草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定向好。
Ecological degradation is under control.
Alpine grassland is a major ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, playing an important role as an eco-safety barrier, and serving as the basis of highland animal husbandry. Climate change, overgrazing and some other reasons caused continuous degradation of alpine grasslands. By the mid-1980s, the grassland area in Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province had been reduced to 820,000 sq km in total. Later, due to the implementation by the government of such policies as issuance of allowances for restoring grazing land to grassland and protecting the grassland ecosystem, and the undertaking of a number of grassland ecological conservation projects, such as pest and rodent prevention and control, progress was made in grassland ecosystem conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to research, from 1982 to 2009 the grassland coverage rate of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its net primary productivity (NPP) showed an overall increase, with newly-added grassland coverage accounting for 47 percent of the total, and the area with a dramatic NPP increase reaching more than 32 percent of the total. In the recent decade, the local grassland ecosystem has maintained steady and positive improvement.
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