Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）

He has been in the League for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）

He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）

句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

8. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型  

1）It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 

這是我第一次訪問(wèn)這城市。

This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing.　

這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 

2）This is +形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 

這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。　 

9.過(guò)去完成時(shí) 

1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

那時(shí)以前　      那時(shí)　  現(xiàn)在　　　　　　 

2） 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 

她告訴我她曾去過(guò)巴黎。

b. 狀語(yǔ)從句

在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 

警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>

c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 

那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。

3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before. 

他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 

到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 

湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。

10. 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí) 

1）　兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 

她看到老鼠，就叫了起來(lái)。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 

姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。