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對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人來(lái)說(shuō),后綴 - ism表示“…主義”,也許是個(gè)盡人皆知的事情。其實(shí),這個(gè)來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)的名詞后綴還有其他的用法與含義。-ism 一般用作派生后綴,加在名詞或形容詞后面。1)它加在名詞后面表示the doctrine, theory or system of?(…的主義、學(xué)術(shù)理論、制度),a disease caused by?(因…引起的疾?。?。2)它加在形容詞后面表示the quality or condition of being?(具備…的性質(zhì)與狀態(tài)),an instance of being?(…的實(shí)例)等意思。與-ism對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞后綴是-ist,它也可以表示與該名詞有關(guān)的 人。
下面先看看-ism與名詞結(jié)合的例子。
Darwinism [Darwin n. 達(dá)爾文;-ism→] n. the theory of evolution through natural selection developed by Charles Darwin 達(dá)爾文主義;進(jìn)化論/ According to Darwinism, natural selection results in the survival of some plant and animal forms but not others. 根據(jù)達(dá)爾文主義,是自然選擇的結(jié)果決定了某些種類的動(dòng)植物得以生存下來(lái)。
Darwinist a. 達(dá)爾文主義的 n. 達(dá)爾文主義者
heroism [hero n. 英雄;-ism →] n. the actions and qualities of a hero; great bravery英雄行為,英雄品質(zhì);大無(wú)畏精神/ Heroism feels and never reasons and therefore is always right. 英雄行為只憑直感不靠推理,因而往往是正確的。/ His heroism in saving the drowning boy from the river was greatly praised in the news-papers. 他搶救落水少年的英雄事跡在報(bào)紙上大受贊揚(yáng)。
alcoholism [alcohol n. 酒精;-ism→]n. a disease caused by drinking too much alcoholic liquor 酒精中毒癥 / Alcoholism may result in death. 酒精中毒可以致死。
下面是與形容詞相結(jié)合的3個(gè)例子。