英語學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作是很多大學(xué)生（特別是海外學(xué)生）需要掌握的一個(gè)技能，一篇文筆簡(jiǎn)潔優(yōu)雅的論文對(duì)于提高被采納發(fā)表的成功率會(huì)有很大幫助。但目前的情況是，很多人并沒有受過專門的學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作訓(xùn)練，在寫論文時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的語言問題。今天的文章主要談一談?dòng)⑽膶W(xué)術(shù)論文寫作中的常見錯(cuò)誤，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。

 總體來說，學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作跟其他類型的英文寫作一樣，都要遵循清晰簡(jiǎn)潔的原則，這一原則主要有以下體現(xiàn)：

1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)

 英文中的主動(dòng)語態(tài)特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)潔有力，動(dòng)作發(fā)出者明確，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)特點(diǎn)是較為冗長(zhǎng)且有時(shí)候看不出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是誰（比如Measures should be taken to address this issue. 從這個(gè)句子里面我們無法確定應(yīng)該是誰采取行動(dòng)）。在學(xué)術(shù)論文中，很多地方都要明確指出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出主體（比如實(shí)驗(yàn)是誰操作的，數(shù)據(jù)是誰測(cè)量的），且語言要盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔。因此，學(xué)術(shù)論文中應(yīng)該多使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。

 類似下面的句子：

(1) Consideration of whether countries work well on cross-border issues such as immigration was undertaken by Raul (2007).

 (2) Identification of poor food, bad housing, inadequate hygiene, and large families as the major causes of poverty was made by Jones (2005).

應(yīng)該改為：

(1) Raul (2007) consideredwhether or not countries work well on cross-border issues such as immigration.

 (2) Jones (2005)identifiedpoor food, bad housing, inadequate hygiene, and large families as the major causes of poverty.

那么有沒有需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況呢？

 有。當(dāng)我們無法明確動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，或者需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者的時(shí)候，就可以使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。比如：

(1) Up to 90% of the energy in light bulbs is wasted in the form of heat.

 (2) The first edition of Freud’s earliest writings on dreams was published in 1899.

第一個(gè)句子里面waste這個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者無法明確（也沒必要明確），第二個(gè)句子里面誰出版了Freud的作品并不重要，因此也沒有必要使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來說明出版商是誰。

2.比較句

 我們知道，在英語比較句中有時(shí)候可以省略被比較主體后面的動(dòng)詞，比如：

On average, men are taller than women are.

可以省略為：

On average, men are taller than women.

但這種省略有時(shí)候會(huì)造成歧義，舉個(gè)例子：

Women prefer friendly doctors more than men do.

如果我們將do省略的話，會(huì)變成：

Women prefer friendly doctors more than men.

此時(shí)句子會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義，因?yàn)樗梢杂袃煞N不同的理解：

Women prefer friendly doctors more than men prefer friendly doctors. 女人比男人更喜歡友善的醫(yī)生。

Women prefer friendly doctors more than they prefer men. 比起喜歡男人，女人更喜歡友善的醫(yī)生。

 為了避免歧義，我們應(yīng)該保持比較句型形式上的完整。類似這樣的句子：

(1) The finance department focuses on profits more than the human resources department.

 (2) Country A funds high-tech innovation more than Country B.

應(yīng)該改為：

(1) The finance department focuses on profits more than the human resources department does.

 (2) Country A funds high-tech innovation more than Country B does.

 3.使用動(dòng)詞而不是名詞

 英語中動(dòng)詞通常要比名詞要簡(jiǎn)潔，因?yàn)槊~本身看不出動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常需要額外的動(dòng)詞去修飾它。比如要表達(dá)“做出貢獻(xiàn)”，使用名詞形式我們要說make contributions to，但如果用動(dòng)詞只需要說contribute，在論文寫作中能使用動(dòng)詞的場(chǎng)合盡量使用動(dòng)詞，以保持文章的簡(jiǎn)潔。類似下面這樣的句子：

(1) Enumeration of three reasons why the English language has become so important was made by Thompson (2006).

 ( 2) Discussion of the challenges and strategies for facilitation and promotion of ERP was performed by Smith (2007).

需要改為：

(1) Thompson (2006) enumeratedthree reasons why the English language has become so important.

 (2) Smith (2007) discussedthe challenges and strategies forfacilitatingand promotingERP.

 4.減少there be句型以及it的使用

There be句型可能是中國(guó)學(xué)生最熟悉的句型之一，但大部分there be句型都不夠簡(jiǎn)潔，可以使用其他形式來替換。比如：

There is a necessity for a semi-structured approach to be chosen.

可以改為更加簡(jiǎn)潔的版本：

A semi-structured approach must be chosen.

又比如：

There is a need for implementation of the policy on a larger scale by the president of the association.

可以改為：

The association president must implement the policy on a larger scale.

對(duì)于形式主語it，我們也可以進(jìn)行精簡(jiǎn)，比如：

(1) It is essential that the model be revised.

 (2) It was important for the government to intervene.

可以改為：

(1) The model must be revised.

 (2) The government must intervene.