衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急水平全面提高。頒布突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)法、突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急條例等法律法規(guī)，修訂傳染病防治法，推動(dòng)衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急工作走上法制化和規(guī)范化軌道。以疾病預(yù)防控制體系、衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督體系和醫(yī)療體系為基礎(chǔ)，初步建成統(tǒng)一指揮、布局合理、反應(yīng)靈敏、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)高效、保障有力的突發(fā)公共事件衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急體系。建立完善衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急預(yù)案體系，覆蓋突發(fā)急性傳染病、不明原因疾病、中毒事件等突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件防控以及自然災(zāi)害、事故災(zāi)難、恐怖事件的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生救援和重大活動(dòng)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保障。建立國(guó)家、省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)、地(市)、縣四級(jí)應(yīng)急管理體制。建立衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急能力評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系。國(guó)家組建了傳染病控制、醫(yī)療救援、中毒處置、核和放射處置等4類27支國(guó)家級(jí)衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急隊(duì)伍，地方也組建了各級(jí)突發(fā)公共事件衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急專業(yè)隊(duì)伍。國(guó)家醫(yī)藥儲(chǔ)備制度日趨完善，保障了應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件所需的醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品。近年來，中國(guó)有效處置了傳染性非典型肺炎、甲型H1N1流感、鼠疫、人禽流感等突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，及時(shí)開展四川汶川特大地震、青海玉樹地震、甘肅舟曲特大山洪泥石流災(zāi)害的緊急醫(yī)學(xué)救援，順利完成北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)等大型活動(dòng)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保障任務(wù)。

    法定傳染病和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報(bào)。2004年，中國(guó)啟用傳染病和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報(bào)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)39種法定傳染病病例個(gè)案信息和突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的實(shí)時(shí)、在線監(jiān)測(cè)。截至2011年，全國(guó)100%的疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)、98%的縣級(jí)及以上醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和94%的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院實(shí)現(xiàn)了法定傳染病網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報(bào)。

Health emergency management capability has been enhanced. China is striving to make its health emergency management more standard and law-based by issuing the Law on Emergency Management and the Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Public Health Emergencies, and amending the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Based on the disease prevention and control system, the public health monitoring system and the medical service system, China has basically set up a response system for public health emergencies featuring unified leadership, reasonable distribution, quick response, efficient operation and powerful logistics. China has established and improved health emergency plans, which cover the prevention and control of such public health emergencies as acute infectious disease emergencies, diseases with unknown causes and poisoning incidents, medical rescue in case of natural disasters, disastrous accidents and terrorist attacks, and medical services for important events. A four-level emergency management system has been established that covers the national, provincial, city and county levels. Also has been established is the public health emergency response ability assessment system. The central government has organized 27 teams for health emergencies to respond to four categories of incidents, namely, infectious disease control, medical rescue, poisoning treatment, and nuclear and radiation accident handling. Local governments have also set up professional teams to handle health emergencies at their respective levels. China's medicine reserve system keeps improving, ensuring sufficient supply of medicines for health emergencies. In the past few years, China has successfully dealt with many public health emergencies, especially pandemic threats of infectious diseases, including SARS, H1N1, plague and avian influenza, carried out urgent medical rescues for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, 2010 Yushu earthquake in Qinghai Province and 2010 Zhouqu mudslide in Gansu Province, and provided medical services for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai Expo.

Online direct report system has been enforced for notifiable infectious diseases and public health emergencies. The online direct report system, which puts the 39 infectious diseases defined by law and public health emergencies under real-time and online surveillance, was not available in China until 2004. By 2011, the online direct reporting of infectious diseases had been extended to all disease prevention and control institutes, 98% of medical institutions at and above the county level, and 94% of township clinics in China.